-Stingless bees are found in many tropical and subtropical regions of the word. The knowledge of the composition of their propolis as well as the plants that are visited as sources of resins is therefore of prime importance. Here the negative ion mode electrospray ionization mass spectrometry [ESI(-)-MS] fingerprints of propolis from various species of native stingless bees from different regions in Brazil are compared to determine their composition patterns. The correlation among the propolis samples was investigated via chemometric analysis. ESI-MS fingerprint / propolis / native stingless bees / Brazil
An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil 27(1): 157-159 (1998) Management and Artificial Multiplication of Colonies of Melipona quadrifasciata Lep. (Apidae: Meliponinae)ABSTRACT -Three methods of division of Melipona quadrifasciata Lep. colonies were evaluated: fisogastric queen naturally mated; orphans colonies, and queen mated in laboratory. Out of six colonies, five had grade 7 in 221 days, reaching 83,3% of success, in the 1st method. Out of four, 100% were formed using the 2nd method, in 221 days, and 71,4% out of seven colonies were formed with grade 7 in 195 days using the 3rd method. All colonies were treated with Syrup-A; the same management and same system of evaluation. Colonies obtained were described performance by the following mathematic models: Grade 1 = 1.202 + 0.262 x reading; Grade 2 = 1.474 + 0.250 x reading and Grade 3 = 1.406 + 0.287 x reading. The 3rd method was the best considering time of the colonies development; however, it consumed more labor and laboratory equipments.KEY WORDS: Insecta, Hymenoptera, beecolonies, feeding, fisogastric queens.Recebido em 24/08/96. Aceito em 23/01/98.
ABSTRACT. Number of XO alicies in a population of Melipona qlladrifasciata allthidioides Lepeleticr (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponinae). The number of xo alleles of a population of stingless bees can be estimated by observing the male proportion of the first brood comb produced by a new queen (aboul 40 FI bees) and lhe total number of eolonies. A proportion of 50% diploid males indieates in seminati on ofthe queen by a single male with so me xo sex aliei e; 25% diploid mal e would indicate insemination by two males (one wilh some xo as the queen and another with different one). Diploidy was confinned by cytology of the testis. The original popul ation (78 eolonies) of Ribeirão Preto, State S. Paulo, Brazil , had 8 xo sex alleles. From this population, 10 colonies were orphaned and taken to the Serra do Mar (Sea Mountain s) at Espirito Santo State (1200 km far) in order lhat the vi rgin queen of eac h colony would eross with males of this region . Ten days after the nine hives (one was 10SI) were brought back to Ribeirão Preto. No one of them produeed diploid males. Ncw samples took from ali the Meliponary revealed lhat the number of xo sex alleles to have increased to 17,3. Than, thi s methodology ean be used to inerease lhe genetie variability of the stingless bees populations. KEY WOROS . Melipona Cfuadrifasciata anthidioides, eoloni es, population and alleles MACKENSEN (1951) ao cruzar rainhas de Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 , com seus irmãos ou filhos , obteve 50% de esterilidade. MACKENSEN (1955), e ncontrou I 1 heteroalelos, xo I a xo 11, numa população de A. mellifera ligustica Spinola, 1806. Trabalhando com uma população de A. mellifera ibérica Ruttner, 1988 , 12 aleI os foram encontrados por LAIOLAW et ai. (1956. WOYKE (1963) observou que as operárias comiam as larvas de machos diplóides de A. mellifera, ocasionando 50% de sobrevi vência da cria. Criando esses machos diplóides em estufa, para que não fossem mortos pelas operárias, Woyke constatou que 50% eram machos diplóides. Usando a mesma técnica CHAUO-NETO (l980a,b) conseguiu cruzá-los com rainhas normais e obter operárias trip lóides.
ABSTRACT. Enzymatic polymorphism in Melipolla quadriJasciata alltllidioidesLepeletier populations (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponinae). Them aim scope of this study is to characterize the enzymatic polymorphism found in the Melipona quadrifasciata Lepeletier, 1936 populations ti'om Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo and Espírito Santo, Brazil and its hybrids. Samples from each colony (about 52) were prepared for starch gel eleclrophoresis ín order to investigate the genelic varíalion of the following enzimes: esterase (EST), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), malic enzyme (ME), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), superoxide desmutase (SOD), a·glycerophos· phate dehydrogenase (aPGD), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), leucine aminopeplidase (LAP), hexokinase (HK) and phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI). The analysis showed that LAP and HK did not show enzymatic activity and EST showed two alleles (est·sand and est-f) while ali the others were shown to be monomorphic. The allele EST-S showed a frequency 01'82,6%.
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