Purpose:The paper presents a review of the literature concerning start-up accelerators and a classification of related research untill August 2021. Approach/Methodology/Design: While elaborating the classification, the authors coded works according to the type of accelerator and implemented acceleration program. Furthermore, the paper identifies the countries, research bodies and authors who focus on research on the functioning of accelerators. The authors present how various accelerator forms operate and how they perform. Findings: The paper systematizes knowledge related to start-up accelerators available in the Scopus base and suggests directions for future research. Practical Implications: Recently a clear phenomenon is shown that is the development of a start-up ecosystem, in particular creation and professionalization of the new form of organisation that is a start-up accelerator. This entity acts as a bridge between start-ups and corporations and big enterprises, promoting success of both sides -conclusion of business contracts. More start-ups and corporations decide to collaborate with accelerators that, with their acceleration programs involving big companies, support them both. By monitoring the corporate-start-up collaboration, accelerators actively promote both parties, also in terms of generating necessary innovations to support, for instance, production, sales or service processes in big companies. An evergrowing number of accelerators and accelerator programs worldwide translates into more interest in research in this field. Originality/Value: Despite the increasing research trend related to start-up accelerators, no precise research classification has been available to date.

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Increasing congestion, environmental pollution, and the resulting full impatience of inhabitants contribute to the search for new solutions to move around the city. Therefore, city dwellers are increasingly turning to alternative means of transport such as bicycles, scooters, monocycles, etc. Recently, this way of traveling around the city has been flourishing. Therefore, the authors decided to investigate the phenomenon of the popularization of alternative forms of urban transport and to determine the influence of this kind of travel on freight transport and sustainable urban development. The research was based on four Polish cities: Wroclaw, Katowice, Opole, and Kedzierzyn-Kozle. The selection was made more precise by indicating two large and two small urban centers. The research was carried out by means of a questionnaire survey addressed to the inhabitants of those centers, specifying their preferences regarding journeys in the cities, as well as through direct interviews with companies providing cargo transport in the cities. The final part of the study is to propose solutions that, based on the residents’ preferences, will reduce their travel by car in favor of alternative transport, thus enhancing freight transport.

During the state of epidemic in Poland in 2020, all facilities providing medical services were subject to constant reorganization. Legal changes, which were introduced at a very rapid pace, did not allow the standardization of the work of the health service. Therefore, the assessment of the practical effects of the introduced legal measures is challenging due to the lack of fixed benchmarks. Accordingly, the research method used in the article is a survey conducted among employees of the Voivodeship Specialist Hospital in December 2020, in which 165 employees from different wards participated. For this purpose, the article presents the detailed description of policy regulations related to healthcare management introduced in Poland in 2020. Combining legal research and qualitative data allowed general conclusions to be drawn with regard to the quality assessment of the implemented policy measures from the perspective of healthcare professionals.

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The planning of international freight transport is one of the most important tasks carried out in transport companies. The aim of this publication is to improve the process of planning international transport by creating a generalized model presented on an example in Europe and a decision-making model developed for it. In the field of research methods, the methods of observation of transport service providers and analysis of existing data were used.

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