The potential role of non-antibiotic medicinal products in the treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria has recently been investigated. It is highly likely that the presence of efflux pumps may be one of the reasons for the weak activity of non-antibiotics, as in the case of some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), against Gram-negative rods. The activity of eight drugs of potential non-antibiotic activity, active substance standards, and relevant medicinal products were analysed with and without of efflux pump inhibitors against 180 strains of five Gram-negative rod species by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value determination in the presence of 1 mM MgSO4. Furthermore, the influence of non-antibiotics on the susceptibility of clinical strains to quinolones with or without PAβN (Phe-Arg-β-naphthylamide) was investigated. The impacts of PAβN on the susceptibility of bacteria to non-antibiotics suggests that amitriptyline, alendronate, nicergoline, and ticlopidine are substrates of efflux pumps in Gram-negative rods. Amitriptyline/Amitriptylinum showed the highest direct antibacterial activity, with MICs ranging 100–800 mg/L against all studied species. Significant decreases in the MIC values of other active substances (acyclovir, atorvastatin, and famotidine) tested with pump inhibitors were not observed. The investigated non-antibiotic medicinal products did not alter the MICs of quinolones in the absence and in the presence of PAβN to the studied clinical strains of five groups of species.

Purpose: The paper aims to analyze the readiness of enterprises in Poland for industry 4.0 implementation with taking into consideration its barriers as well reasons of implementing industry 4.0. Design/Methodolology/Approach: The research was conducted by means of diagnostics opinion CAWI (Computer Assisted Web Interview) questionnaire. The research was conducted by means of diagnostics opinion CAWI (Computer Assisted Web Interview) questionnaire among 40 respondents (owners/employees) of enterprises located in various regions of Poland. Findings: Entrepreneurs clearly indicate their fears, but also the opportunities that such implementation brings with. During the research, many entrepreneurs were afraid of costs, even before the initial cost-effectiveness analysis of the implementation. Low social awareness of what industry 4.0 is the reason why it is not understood and implemented in a limited way. It also shows the power between the understanding of the principles of industry 4.0 and its visible manifestations in the enterprise. The dependencies shown by the conducted study were also analyzed. The strength of qualitative and qualitative relationships is shown by the Pearson C coefficient, showing which of the factors has an impact on the studied enterprises.Originality/Value: The study also showed that implementation is not dependent on financial outlays but on the involvement of employees and middle management, which may indicate that it is treated as an industry challenge and depends on the company's readiness for implementation. The results of this article may serve as the basis for future research.

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The article is an analysis of materials management in different areas of functioning of manufacturing enterprises, with particular reference to the costs generated by it and all possible risk factors. The overall objective is to demonstrate, on the basis of the study in the furniture industry, that the occurrence of a risk factor in one area of a company has financial consequences for even a few more stages of the process. This affects the calculation of the actual cost of implementing the process and naturally carries consequences in the profit achieved by the company. For the analysis, the well-known algebraic principle of logic characterization of V.A. Gorbatov was applied.

This paper presents the nature of logistic processes functioning in manufacturing companies with special risk factors situations. The author's parameterization model of the value added was generated as a result of the logistic processes. Author refers to differences between all-in and real costs caused by appearance of risk factors in logistic processes. Author also identifies the change of the value added measured with the net profit and its results.