Effects of IBA concentration, collection time and cutting length on hibiscus cutting propagationVegetative propagation by tip cutting can be influenced by factors such as collection time, cutting length, auxin concentration and cutting physiological status. The ornamental Hibiscus (Hibiscus sp.) is commercially propagated by cuttings. Therefore, there is a need to study the influence of these factors on the rooting capacity of this specie. The aim of this work was to evaluate the IBA effect, cutting length and collection time on Hibiscus tip cutting propagation. The experiment was carried out in the plant production sector of the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos, Dois Vizinhos, PR (Brazil). The experiment was arranged in a 3 x 2 x 2 factorial completely randomized block, (IBA concentration x cutting length x collection time), with four replications, with each plot consisting of ten cuts. Two collecttion times (June and September), two shoot cutting lengths (6 and 12 cm) and three IBA concentrations (0; 1 and 2 g L -1 ) were tested. At the two collection times, after 77 days, the rooting percentage, numberRecebido para publicação em 22/03/2010 e aprovado em 08/06/2011

A alporquia tem-se mostrado o método mais promissor para a propagação assexuada da jabuticabeira. Porém, alguns detalhes da técnica devem ser aprimorados paraaumentar os resultados positivos. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a melhor época, concentração de ácido indolbutírico (AIB) e tipo de embalagem para a propagação da jabuticabeira-Açu [Plinia cauliflora(DC.)KAUSEL] por alporquia. O trabalho foi realizado na UTFPR – Câmpus Dois Vizinhos. Os experimentos foraminstalados em dezembro de 2011 e em abril, junho e setembro de 2012. Foi aplicado na região cambialAIB, nas concentrações de 0; 2.000 e 4.000 mg L-1. Após a aplicação do AIB, a área exposta foi envolvidacom substrato Plantmax® revestido com embalagem plástica transparente, embalagem plástica transparenterevestida por papel-alumínio ou embalagem plástica preta. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocosao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4 x 3 x 3 (época x concentração de AIB x tipo de embalagem), com 4repetições, considerando-se o uso de 5 alporques por parcela. Aos 180 dias após a implantação do experimento, em cada época de sua realização, foram avaliados a percentagem de calos nos ramos alporcados, onúmero e o comprimento médio das 3 maiores raízes (cm) e a percentagem de enraizamento. O enraizamento dejabuticabeiras utilizando a alporquia foi de 20,04% para a época de abril. A embalagem plásticatransparente revestida com papel-alumínio para a cobertura do substrato foi superior às demais, atingindo 8,69% deenraizamento. As concentrações de AIB testadas não influenciaram na rizogênese adventícia dos ramos.

RESUMO Enraizamento de estacas lenhosas de figueira (Ficus carica L.) cv. Roxo de Valinhos com diferentes estratégias de propagaçãoO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o substrato, a época de coleta das estacas, a posição e a profundidade da estaca e o ambiente de propagação para o enraizamento de estacas de figueira 'Roxo de Valinhos', no sudoeste do Paraná. Foram realizados dois experimentos, na UTFPR, Câmpus Dois Vizinhos, com estacas lenhosas de figueira cv. Roxo de Valinhos. O primeiro utilizou delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, em fatorial 3 x 3 x 2 (substrato x ambiente x época de coleta), com quatro repetições de 10 estacas por parcela. As estacas foram coletadas nas primeiras quinzenas de julho e agosto. Os substratos foram areia, solo e a mistura destes [1:1 (v/v) fig (Ficus carica L.) with different propagation strategies Rooting of hardwood cuttings of Roxo de ValinhosThe objective of this study was to evaluate the substrate, cuttings collection time, the position and the cutting depth, and the propagation environment on rooting of 'Purple Valinhos' fig tree cuttings in Southwestern Paraná, Brazil. Two experiments were carried out at UTFPR, Câmpus Dois Vizinhos, with hardwoods cuttings from Roxo de Valinhos fig tree. The first experiment used a randomized block design, in 3 x 3 x 2 factorial (substrate x environment x collection time), with four replications of 10 cuttings per plot. The cuttings were collected in the first fifteen days of July and August. The substrates were sand, soil and the mixture of these [1:1 (v / v)]. The environments used were open sky, tunnel with plastic cover and tunnel with half-shade black net cover. The second experiment used a randomized block design, 2 x 2 x 3 factorial (shoot cutting position x soil cover x shoot cutting depth), with four replications of 12 cuttings per plot. In the factor position, the vertically (0 ° inclination) and inclined (45 ° inclination) shoot cuttings were evaluated. Soil cover was tested with mulching plastic cover or not. The tested depths were 1/3, 1/2 and 2/3 in relation to the total length of the shoot cutting. In both experiments, the following were analyzed: rooting and mortality indices, number of leaves and primary shoots, length of the three largest roots per cutting. It was conclude that, the protected environment with plastic cover on sand as substrate must recommended for the rooting of fig estaca, collecting them in the first half of July. The inclination position and cutting depth of the estaca and the substrate coverage with plastic mulching did not influence the results.

Tamanho de esTacas e uso de Ácido indol-buTírico ou preparado homeopÁTico de arnica monTana na propagação de falsa-érica 138 RESUMO O mercado de flores e plantas ornamentais está em crescimento, sendo que, a falsa-érica (Cuphea gracilis) é planta com diversos usos no paisagismo, adaptando-se a meia sombra ou a pleno sol podendo ser utilizada para forrações ou em combinações cromáticas com outras plantas. Usualmente, a falsa-érica é propagada por sementes ou por estacas. O objetivo foi avaliar o tamanho de estacas e a concentração de AIB (ácido indol-butírico) e preparado homeopático a base de Arnica montana no enraizamento de estacas de falsa-érica. A coleta de estacas foi realizada em plantas matrizes cultivadas em jardins abertos a pleno sol no município de Verê-PR nos tamanhos padronizados de 6 e 12 cm de comprimento, sendo as mesmas tratadas com AIB, nas concentrações de 0; 1.000 e 2.000 mg L -1 além do preparado homeopático A. montana 12 CH. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em fatorial 2x4 [comprimento da estaca x tratamento estimulante], com 4 repetições de 10 estacas por parcela. Após 45 dias, foram avaliados percentagem de estacas enraizadas e mortas, comprimento de raízes (cm), número de brotos e número de folhas. As concentrações de AIB, bem como a aplicação de homeopatia estimularam os nos processos de enraizamento adventício desta espécie. Palavras-chave: Cuphea gracilis, propagação vegetativa, planta ornamental. ABSTRACT Behavior of piles and indolbutyric or homeopathic preparedacid Arnica montana spread of false-erica The market for flowers and ornamental plants is growing. Since the false-érica (Cuphea gracilis) is a plant with many uses in the landscape, adapting to partial shade or full sun can be used for ground covers or chromatic combinations with other plants. Usually, the false-erica is propagated by seeds or by cuttings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the size of stakes and the concentration of IBA (indole butyric acid) and prepared homeopathic base of Arnica montana in rooting false-erica stakes. The collection of cuttings was carried out in arrays plants grown in gardens in standard sizes 6 and 12 cm in length, and were treated with IBA at concentrations of 0; 1.000 and 2.000 mg L -1 in addition to the homeopathic preparation A. montana 12 CH. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in a 2x4 factorial [length x stake stimulant treatment], with 4 replications of 10 cuttings per plot. After 45 days, they were evaluated percentage of rooted and dead cuttings, root length (cm), number of shoots and number of leaves. The concentrations of AIB, and the application of homeopathy stimulated the adventitious rooting processes of this kind. Keywords: Cuphea gracilis, vegetative propagation, ornamental plant. INTRODUÇÃONo Brasil, a floricultura mostrou plena expansão configurando-a em um dos mais promissores segmentos do agronegócio nacional, com a comercialização e distribuição de flores e plantas ornamentais regido principa...

One of the biggest challenges for expansion of jabuticaba fruit tree cultivation is the high cost of seedlings due to to difficulties with vegetative propagation. Here, we aimed to evaluate graft survival in combinations of Plinia cauliflora and rootstocks of other species from the Myrtaceae family. The study was carried out at the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - Campus Dois Vizinhos, Paraná State, Brazil. Eugenia uniflora L., E. involucrata DC, and P. cauliflora were used as rootstocks and were obtained as seeds. The 'whip-and- tongue' and cleft grafting techniques were tested for vegetative propagation. Grafted plants were cultivated in a greenhouse. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, in factorial 3×2 (rootstock species× graft type), with four replicates of 10 grafts by plot. Compatibility between rootstock species and scion was evaluated by diameter growth below and above the grafting point and by vegetative budburst and survival percentages. The use of P. cauliflora grafts with the same species was required for propagation. E. involucrata and E. uniflora rootstocks were not capable of propagation with P. cauliflora . Therefore, it is necessary to test other species from the Myrtaceae family.

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether seeds from six native fruit species ofthe South Brazilian regionhad any type of dormancy, as well as, to verify if they havephotoblastism. The work was carried out at the Plant Physiology Laboratoryofthe Federal Technological University of Paraná –Câmpus Dois Vizinhos, Paraná State, Brazil. The influence of photoperiod factors and techniques for overcoming dormancy were tested on the germination of Eugenia uniflora L.(Surinan cherry), Plinia peruviana(native jabuticaba), Plinia cauliflora(hybrid jabuticaba), Eugenia involucrataDC. (Rio Grande cherry), Myrcianthes pungens(guabiju) and Campomanesia guazumifolia(sete capoteiro). The seeds were exposed in a condition of total darkness or photoperiod of 24 hours, being the levels of one of factors tested. The techniques for breaking dormancy tested werethe immersion in gibberellic acid solution (200 mg L-1); stratification at 5°C for 30 days; immersion in water at room temperature for 24 hours; immersion in hot water (80°C) for five minutes; immersion in sulfuric acid solution (96%) for five minutes; and manual physical scarification with 120 grit sandpaper. The seeds were also tested without using any technique, making up the controlstreatments with or without light. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2 x 7 factorial scheme (luminosity x treatment for breaking dormancy), with four replications of 100 seeds. After 60 days, germination (%), percentage of accumulated germination, germination speed index and average germination time were analyzed. The seeds of most of the studied native species do not present dormancy or the effect of photoblastism, except for “sete capoteiro”seedswho are supposed to have morphophysiological dormancy, with negative photoblastism. The use of hot water or sulfuric acid in the seeds of native fruit trees is not recommended.

The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) presents potential for commercial exploitation as a fruit, ornamental or medicinal plant. However, for its usage in orchards, it is ideal that the seedlings come from vegetative propagation techniques. The aim of this work was to test the usage of indolebutyric acid (IBA) and substrates, at two harvesting times (before and after fruiting) in the cutting propagation of pomegranate. The work was carried out at UTFPR, Campus Dois Vizinhos. The experiments were installed in a randomized block design, in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme (IBA concentration x substrate), with four replications and ten cuttings per experimental unit. IAB was tested at concentrations 0; 1000; 2000 and 3000 mg L-1. The used substrates were Red Latosol, medium textured sand, commercial substrate MecPlant® and a mixture of Red Latosol + sand + commercial (1:1:1, v/v). The cuttings were placed in beds in a screened protected environment, with 50% shading. Irrigation was performed three times a day for 30 min., by a micro sprinkler. After 60 days, rooting (%), cuttings with callus (%), number of primary leaf and root shoots, length of the three largest roots and percentage of dead cuttings were evaluated. Cutting presented itself as a potential technique to be adopted for pomegranate, using sand, with the use of IBA at concentrations between 1600 and 1750 mg L-1. Cuttings must be collected before fruiting. However, rhizogenesis close to 50% was achieved at the time after such phenological stage.

The native fruit trees are of great importance to the Southwest Region of Paraná biome, but little is known about them, especially as the soil fertility in which they are found. Such information is necessary when domestication is intended for orchards usage. The objective of this work was to collect information on the distribution of the native fruit trees in relation to the chemical characteristics of the soil in which they are found, in four municipalities of the Phytophysiognomy Forest and Araucária (DoisVizinhos, Itapejara do Oeste, Verê and São Jorge d'Oeste). The chemical soil characterization for the native fruit trees were applied in the species of jaboticaba tree (Plinia sp.), Surinam cherry tree (Eugenia uniflora L.), sete-capote tree [Campomanesia guazumifolia (Cambess.) O. Berg], cereja-do-mato tree (Eugenia involucrata DC.), guabiroba tree (Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg), guabiju tree (Myrcianthes pungens), feijoa tree [Acca selowiana (O. Berg) Burret], uvaia tree (E. pyriformis Cambess), yellow and red araça trees (Psidium cattleyanum Sabine). The soil was collected in two hundred properties with the presence of at least some native fruit of natural occurrence, in order to obtain information about the chemical soil characteristics with native fruit presence. In general, only where the native fruits are present, they present weakly acid reaction and high organic matter, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium, as high CTC.