The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is responsible for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), potentially have severe kidney adverse effects. This organ expressed angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the transmembrane protein which facilitate the entering of the virus into the cell. Therefore, early detection of the kidney manifestations of COVID-19 is crucial. Previous studies showed ACE2 role in various indications of this disease, especially in kidney effects. The MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in this organ affected ACE2 expression. Therefore, this review aims at summarizing the literature of a novel miRNA-based therapy and its potential applications in COVID-19-associated nephropathy. Furthermore, previous studies were analyzed for the kidney manifestations of COVID-19 and the miRNAs role that were published on the online databases, namely MEDLINE (PubMed) and Scopus. Several miRNAs, particularly miR-18 (which was upregulated in nephropathy), played a crucial role in ACE2 expression. Therefore, the antimiR-18 roles were summarized in various primate models that aided in developing the therapy for ACE2 related diseases.

Background. Given that hypertension in adulthood has its onset in childhood, it is not surprising that the prevalence of hypertension among adolescents has also increased in recent years. However, there are limited data on the prevalence of hypertension and also the new AAP guideline has not yet been applied to the Indonesian adolescent population. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of hypertension using the new AAP guideline and to assess the occurrence of its associated factors among Indonesian adolescents. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study conducted at twelve senior high schools in Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia, from June to December 2019. The study included adolescents aged 13 to 18 years old. Anthropometric measurements were obtained. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the risk factors most associated with hypertension among adolescents, and then an equation model was created. The prevalence of hypertension was evaluated, together with several factors such as age group, sex, ethnicity, family history of hypertension, nutritional status, physical activity, perceived stress, sleep duration, nutritional intake, and smoking. Results. In total, 1200 adolescents aged 15.9 ± 0.99 years were evaluated. The prevalence of hypertension and elevated blood pressure among adolescents was 8% and 12.2%, respectively. There were significant associations between sex, family history of hypertension, hypertensive father, nutritional status, physical activity, perceived stress, and hypertension among Indonesian adolescents (p<0.05). Stress was the most powerful risk factor of hypertension with an odds ratio of 5.83 (95% confidence interval 2.91–11.6). Conclusions. Nowadays, the prevalence of hypertension among Indonesian adolescents is quite high. This may be caused by lifestyle or behavior changes among adolescents. Sex, family history of hypertension, nutritional status, physical activity, and perceived stress influenced the 27% hypertension prevalence rate among Indonesian adolescents, particularly in Palembang, South Sumatera. In order to decrease the prevalence of hypertension in adults, concern about lifestyle or behavior changes and hypertension among adolescents should be given.

AbstrakPemberian air susu ibu (ASI) eksklusif pada bayi penting karena erat hubungannya dengan kelangsungan hidup bayi, pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang optimal serta peningkatan kualitas generasi berikutnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan hubungan frekuensi pemeriksaan kehamilan dan konseling laktasi dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif. Rancangan penelitian adalah kohor historikal. Analisis multivariabel dilakukan menilai hubungan dan faktor paling dominan antara variabel bebas (frekuensi pemeriksaan kehamilan dan konseling laktasi), variabel perancu (pengetahuan, pendidikan, pekerjaan, paritas dan tingkat pendapatan keluarga) dan variabel terikat (ASI eksklusif). Pada analisis regresi logistik ditemukan pengetahuan sebagai faktor paling dominan dalam pemberian ASI eksklusif (OR = 4,30; 95% CI = 1,98 _ 9,31). Pengetahuan yang baik tentang ASI eksklusif meningkatkan pemberian ASI eksklusif 4,30 kali lebih besar. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah semakin sering frekuensi pemeriksaan kehamilan akan semakin tinggi pemberian ASI eksklusif, serta semakin sering pemberian konseling laktasi oleh tenaga kesehatan semakin tinggi pemberian ASI eksklusif. Kata kunci: Antenatal care, ASI eksklusif, konseling laktasi AbstractExclusive breastfeeding is important because it is connected with infant survival, optimal growth and development and improving the quality of the next generation. This study aims to analyze and determine the frequency of prenatal care and relationship counseling lactation with exclusive breastfeeding. A historical cohort study design and bivariate and multivariable analyzes performed to look for association and dominant factor among the independent variables (frequency of prenatal care and counseling lactation), confounding variables (knowledge, education, employment, parity and level of family income) with the dependent variable (exclusive breastfeeding). In the logistic regression analysis found knowledge as a dominant factor in the exclusive breastfeeding (OR = 4,30; 95% CI = 1,98 _ 9,31). The conclusion of this study is that the more often the frequency of antenatal care will increase exclusive breastfeeding, and the more lactation counseling given by health provider during antenatal visit will increase exclusive breastfeeding. Keywords: Antenatal care, exclusive breastfeeding, counseling lactation PendahuluanSecara global, lebih dari 10 juta anak meninggal setiap tahun, kematian tersebut terutama terjadi di berbagai negara sedang berkembang termasuk Indonesia. Penyebab kematian terbanyak pada anak adalah pneumonia dan diare, sedangkan penyebab lain adalah penyakit menular atau kekurangan gizi. Salah satu upaya untuk mencegah kematian pada anak adalah melalui pemberian nutrisi yang baik dan air susu ibu (ASI) eksklusif. 1 Meskipun ASI sangat penting dikonsumsi oleh bayi baru lahir, tetapi belum semua ibu memberikan ASI secara eksklusif. Hal ini berbagai faktor, antara lain karakteristik ibu (pengetahuan, pendidikan, pekerjaan, usia, paritas dan etnis), karakteristik bayi (berat lahir dan kondisi kes...

Background The understanding of health care providers’ experiences involved in malnutrition treatment is a key component that should be explored. Objective This systematic review aimed to explore the views and perceptions of community health care providers related to malnutrition and its management for older adults, through synthesizing the qualitative studies. Methods Six electronic databases were used to search relevant articles. Qualitative research synthesis using Sandelowski and Barroso’s method and thematic synthesis were used to broaden the range of methodology in this study. Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools for Qualitative Research was used to enable judgement about the strength of qualitative research. Results A total of four qualitative studies of health care providers’ views and perceptions related to malnutrition in older adults were analysed. The results showed that there are three main themes that reflect their malnutrition experiences: (i) knowledge and skills about malnutrition, (ii) management of malnutrition and (iii) the need for collaborative teams. Conclusion While health care professionals understand about the aetiology of malnutrition, however screening for malnutrition is not routine in their practice. Proper education and training about nutritional care is needed. Dietary changes and public education are preferable over oral nutritional supplements. Some solution and recommendations for management of malnutrition in older adult such as supportive interventions include environmental changes, nutritional counselling, food modification, oral nutrition supplement and pharmacotherapy if needed, routine screening and multidisciplinary approach.

Anemia in adolescent girls is still a problem in Indonesia. The impact of anemia is quite significant for adolescent health. This study aims to analyze related factors of anemia among adolescent girls, and the effect of anemia on the quality of life. The study was conducted in the Soreang District, West Java, Indonesia. This cross-sectional study involved 286 female students (15–19 years). A 24-h recall questionnaire was used to collect the nutrient intake. We use the WHOQOL-BREF to analyze the quality of life. The study assessed height, weight, body mass index (BMI), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and a capillary blood sample to determine hemoglobin levels. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression tests were measured to find the factors most influencing anemia. The prevalence of anemia was 14.3%. Related factors of anemia in this study were: duration of blood show per menses, iron consumption, weight, height, and MUAC. From bivariate analyses, anemia influenced the social relationships domain with p < 0.05. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the most influencing factors for anemia were MUAC and duration of blood per menses. Anemia impacted the social relationships domain. In this study, the two main factors that affected anemia were MUAC and duration of blood each menstrual cycle.

Pertumbuhan saat balita memiliki dampak terhadap kehidupan selanjutnya karena masa balita merupakan masa kritis (golden period). Status gizi anak harus diperhatikan  sejak dalam kandungan. Asupan gizi yang baik pada saat kehamilan penting  untuk pertumbuhan janin sampai bayi dilahirkan. Bayi lahir dengan berat badan rendah dapat mengalami risiko gangguan pertumbuhan dengan gizi kurang, pendek dan kurus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan riwayat status gizi ibu masa kehamilan yang dinilai dengan pertambahan berat badan ibu trimester III dan ukuran LILA dengan pertumbuhan balita. Desain penelitian dengan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 109 ibu yang mempunyai balita di Kecamatan Soreang, Kabupaten Bandung pada bulan Maret-November 2016. Pengambilan sample dengan multistage random sampling dan dianalisis dengan uji Gamma Chi-square. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara lingkar lengan atas (LILA) ibu saat hamil dengan pertumbuhan anak balita berdasarkan BB/U (p=0,065), TB/U (p=0,218) dan BB/TB (p=0,089). Dan juga tidak terdapat hubungan antara pertambahan berat badan ibu trimester III kehamilan dengan pertumbuhan balita berdasarkan BB/U (p=0,978), TB/U (p=0,678) dan BB/TB (p=0,724). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara riwayat status gizi ibu pada masa kehamilan berdasarkan ukuran LILA dan pertambahan berat badan ibu hamil trimester III dengan pertumbuhan anak balita.Kata Kunci: Masa Kehamilan, Pertumbuhan Balita, Status Gizi

Background The assesment of severity of illness with scoringsystem has been used to predict neonatal mortality in neonatalintensive care unit (NICU). Score for Neonatal Acute PhysiologyPerinatal Extension II (SNAPPE II) is the best scoring systemalthough most of the studies were commonly conducted indeveloped countries.Objective To evaluate SNAPPE II as the predictor of neonatalmortality in NICU Hasan Sadikin General Hospital (HSGH)Ban dung.Methods This was a longitudinal observational study. All neonateshospitalized in NICU HSGH during the period of August toNovember 2008 were investigated according to SNAPPE IIrequirements. We excluded subjects admitted more than 48hours of age, who were discharged or moved to intermediatenewborn care ward less than 24 hours after admission. Predictionof mortality and determination of SNAPPE II cut-off point wereanalyzed using logistic regression. Discrimination was analyzedusing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and calibration wasanalyzed using Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit.Results Forty subjects fulfilled the inclusion criteria. There was agood relation between SNAPPE II and mortality prediction (P =0.007). The cut-off point for predicting mortality was 51. SNAPPEII showed good discrimination with AUC 0.933 (95% CI 0.843to 1.0) and good calibration 1.69 (P = 0.97).Conclusion SNAPPE II can be used to predict neonatal mortalityin NICU similar to that found in developed countries.

Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) di Indonesia masih cukup tinggi, dibandingkan dengan negara ASEAN lainnya.  Kematian ibu  yang tinggi tersebut disebabkan oleh komplikasi saat kehamilan dan persalinan. World Health Organization (WHO) memperkirakan bahwa 15-20% ibu hamil baik di negara maju maupun berkembang akan mengalami risiko tinggi (risti) dan/atau komplikasi kehamilan. Salah satu penyebab terjadinya  kehamilan risiko tinggi  pada ibu hamil adalah kurangnya pengetahuan dan sikap positif  ibu  tentang kesehatan reproduksi. Hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh rendahnya  status sosial ekonomi,  pendidikan yang rendah, kesenjangan  keterpaparan informasi, faktor kepercayaan dan pengalaman. Untuk mengoptimalkan pengetahuan dan sikap ini perlu dilakukan pendidikan kesehatan melalui pemberian layanan pesan singkat lewat telepon seluler. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan tentang kehamilan risiko tinggi melalui  layanan pesan singkat terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap ibu hamil. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi experimental dengan rancangan pre test-post test control group design dengan jumlah sampel 114  orang ibu hamil. Pengambilan sampel ibu hamil dilakukan dengan cara randomisasi blok permutasi sehingga diperoleh  57 orang ibu hamil untuk kelompok intervensi dan 57 orang ibu hamil untuk kelompok kontrol. Variabel pengetahuan dan sikap tentang kehamilan risiko tinggi diukur dengan menggunakan kuesioner sebelum dan sesudah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan berupa layanan pesan singkat.   Perbedaan peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap pada pada kelompok intervensi dan kontrol diuji secara statistik dengan uji t tidak berpasangan.Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan Desember 2013 sampai dengan  bulan Januari 2014. Hasil penelitian pada kelompok intervensi menunjukkan adanya  peningkatan skor rata-rata  pengetahuan dari 49,2±11,6 menjadi 60,6±12,6  (p<0,05). Selain itu terdapat peningkatan skor rata-rata  sikap dari 71,4±9,3 menjadi 76,3±5,7 (p<0,05). Sedangkan uji beda selisih peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap antar kelompok intervensi dan kontrol menunjukkan perbedaan selisih pengetahuan bermakna dengan skor 11,4±12,5 dan 1,4±16,9  (p<0,05). Untuk variabel sikap, terdapat perbedaan selisih skor sikap yang bermakna pada kelompok intervensi sebesar 4,9±14,7 dan kelompok kontrol  sebesar – 5,9±9,6 (p<0,05). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan  bahwa pendidikan kesehatan dengan  layanan pesan singkat dapat  meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap ibu hamil tentang kehamilan risiko tinggi.