AbstrakPemberian air susu ibu (ASI) eksklusif pada bayi penting karena erat hubungannya dengan kelangsungan hidup bayi, pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang optimal serta peningkatan kualitas generasi berikutnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan hubungan frekuensi pemeriksaan kehamilan dan konseling laktasi dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif. Rancangan penelitian adalah kohor historikal. Analisis multivariabel dilakukan menilai hubungan dan faktor paling dominan antara variabel bebas (frekuensi pemeriksaan kehamilan dan konseling laktasi), variabel perancu (pengetahuan, pendidikan, pekerjaan, paritas dan tingkat pendapatan keluarga) dan variabel terikat (ASI eksklusif). Pada analisis regresi logistik ditemukan pengetahuan sebagai faktor paling dominan dalam pemberian ASI eksklusif (OR = 4,30; 95% CI = 1,98 _ 9,31). Pengetahuan yang baik tentang ASI eksklusif meningkatkan pemberian ASI eksklusif 4,30 kali lebih besar. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah semakin sering frekuensi pemeriksaan kehamilan akan semakin tinggi pemberian ASI eksklusif, serta semakin sering pemberian konseling laktasi oleh tenaga kesehatan semakin tinggi pemberian ASI eksklusif. Kata kunci: Antenatal care, ASI eksklusif, konseling laktasi AbstractExclusive breastfeeding is important because it is connected with infant survival, optimal growth and development and improving the quality of the next generation. This study aims to analyze and determine the frequency of prenatal care and relationship counseling lactation with exclusive breastfeeding. A historical cohort study design and bivariate and multivariable analyzes performed to look for association and dominant factor among the independent variables (frequency of prenatal care and counseling lactation), confounding variables (knowledge, education, employment, parity and level of family income) with the dependent variable (exclusive breastfeeding). In the logistic regression analysis found knowledge as a dominant factor in the exclusive breastfeeding (OR = 4,30; 95% CI = 1,98 _ 9,31). The conclusion of this study is that the more often the frequency of antenatal care will increase exclusive breastfeeding, and the more lactation counseling given by health provider during antenatal visit will increase exclusive breastfeeding. Keywords: Antenatal care, exclusive breastfeeding, counseling lactation PendahuluanSecara global, lebih dari 10 juta anak meninggal setiap tahun, kematian tersebut terutama terjadi di berbagai negara sedang berkembang termasuk Indonesia. Penyebab kematian terbanyak pada anak adalah pneumonia dan diare, sedangkan penyebab lain adalah penyakit menular atau kekurangan gizi. Salah satu upaya untuk mencegah kematian pada anak adalah melalui pemberian nutrisi yang baik dan air susu ibu (ASI) eksklusif. 1 Meskipun ASI sangat penting dikonsumsi oleh bayi baru lahir, tetapi belum semua ibu memberikan ASI secara eksklusif. Hal ini berbagai faktor, antara lain karakteristik ibu (pengetahuan, pendidikan, pekerjaan, usia, paritas dan etnis), karakteristik bayi (berat lahir dan kondisi kes...
AIM: This study aims to investigate the effect of ATP, EGF and combination of those two to the Natrium Iodide Symporter (NIS) expression in MCF7, SKBR3 and HaCaT cell lines. METHODS: MCF7, SKBR3 and HaCaT cell lines were treated with ATP, EGF and combination of those two for 6, 12 and 24 hours. The expression of NIS mRNA was measured through quantitative-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The NIS protein expression was confirmed by immunocytofluorescence. RESULTS: NIS mRNA was expressed in SKBR3 and HaCaT cell lines but not in MCF7. The levels of NIS mRNA expression, after treatment by epidermal growth factor (EGF), adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP) or the combination of both for 6 and 12 hours were not significantly different from those of untreated cells. However, the treatment by a combination of ATP and EGF for 24 hours increases the level of NIS mRNA expression by 1.6 fold higher than that of the untreated cells (1.6241 ± 0.3, p < 0.05) and protein NIS expression increase significantly by the treatment than untreated cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The level of NIS expression varies among the different subtypes of breast cancer cell lines. MCF7 cell line is representing the luminal A subtype of breast cancer does not express NIS. Only SKBR3 cell line express NIS and this subtype might be suitable to receive radioiodine therapy as those cells expressing NIS. A combination treatment of EGF and ATP increases the expression of NIS mRNA and protein at the membrane in SKBR3 cells.
Absolute Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is one of the complications in the End State Renal Disease (ESRD) patients undergoingmaintenance hemodalysis, with an incidence of 76.4%. If this condition is not properly addressed, it can lead to impaired cardiac functionand increased mortality. The incidence of this case is between 30−45%. The determination of the iron status in ESRD patients wqs setby the Perhimpunan Nefrologi Indonesia 2011 using serum ferritin and transferrin saturation, but they do not provide a meaningfulchange in the value of the initial state of the iron deficiency. This condition should be examined with other parameters combination aswell as those influenced by diurnal variation and infection-inflammation condition. Reticulocyte hemoglobin (Ret-He) parameter canbe used as a marker of bone marrow iron availability because these reticulocytes are young erythrocytes released from the bone marrowinto the circulation. These conditions were circulated only within a short time about 1-2 days before becoming mature erythrocytes. Theaim of this study was to determine the Ret-He level diferentiation between absolute IDA and non absolute IDA states in ESRD patientswhom underwent maintenance hemodialysis. This research was conducted in the Laboratory of Clinical Pathology-RSHS-Bandung fromSeptember 2012 to June 2013. The study design was cross-sectional. All subjects were ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis maintenancefor at least three (3) months and consisted of absolute IDA and non-absolute IDA based on the results of the ferritin and transferrinsaturation calculations according to the criteria of Pernefri 2011 Reticulocyte hemoglobin levels were checked using a fluorescenceflowcitometry principle in the automated hematology analyzer. In this study it was found that the Ret-He mean in the absolute IDA was26.1 pg/cell and 35.9 pg/cell in non absolute IDA. Statistical analysis was performed using Independent T-test. A total of 61 undergoingmaintenance hemodialysis subjects participating in this study comprised patients with absolute IDA and non-absolute IDA who met theinclusion and exclusion criteria. It can be concluded that the Ret-He level in statistical analysis showed absolute IDA which was meaningfullower than nonabsolute IDA in ESRD patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (p<0.001).
Clinical laboratories should have higher competitiveness and healthiness to be survived in the globalization era. The very basic assets are vision, mission, and objectives which are agreed upon them. To establish these objectives are required the availability of the human resources which can perform professionally. They can serve efficiently and effectively due to their increasing professionalism. This happened by a continuing enhanced development of the human resources. The only way to achieve this objective is by effecting the Total Quality Management which emphasizes the personal development through an objective appraisal system
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