Pyospermia (or leukocytospermia) is suspected based on the presence of >1 Â 10 6 round cells/mL of ejaculate and diagnosed using peroxidase stain revealing >1 Â 10 6 white blood cells/mL. The presence of white blood cells is a concern for overt infections or excessive inflammation, both of which have been postulated to negatively impact bulk semen parameters and fertilization capability. The threshold for pyospermia has been debated upon in the literature, as has the optimal treatment method. In the absence of clinical infectious symptoms, it appears that antibiotics, anti-inflammatory agents, and/or frequent ejaculation may improve bulk semen parameters in men with pyospermia. Further research is needed to adequately assess the effect of these methods on pregnancy and live birth outcomes, especially among couples attempting natural conception compared to those attempting intrauterine insemination or in vitro fertilization. (Fertil Steril Rep Ò 2021;2:2-6. Ó2021 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.

To our knowledge our study is the first to show that 1) bullying is significantly associated with pediatric lower urinary tract symptoms and 2) physical forms of bullying accompany worsened symptoms.

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Bilateral cryptorchidism is a rare occurrence and seminoma is the most common germ cell tumor found in undescended testes when they occur. We present the case of a patient with bilateral cryptorchidism who presented to our trauma center after a motor vehicle collision and was found incidentally to have a 17-cm intra-abdominal mass. The mass was subsequently biopsied and proven to be seminoma. The patient completed three cycles of bleomycin/etoposide/cisplatin chemotherapy and successfully underwent a postchemo retroperitoneal lymph node dissection with no viable residual tumor or positive lymph nodes found in the surgical specimen. He also had an orchiopexy of the contralateral testicle. The patient recovered fully and has been found to be recurrence-free four months postoperatively. We highlight the importance of cisplatin-based chemotherapy and extensive tumor resection as the mainstay of initial cancer control.

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