Introduction: Common variable immunodeficiency and X-linked agammaglobulinaemia are primary immunodeficiencies classified as antibody deficiencies, and they both result in hypogammaglobulinaemia. Objective: Evaluate the lipid profile and other cardiovascular risk biomarkers in CVID and XLA patients. Methods: In total, 24 patients and 12 healthy controls matched by age and gender were included in the study. We evaluated anthropometric measurements, and seric total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), triglycerides (TG), apo A-I, small dense LDL (sdLDL), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), myeloperoxidase (MPO), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) were assessed. Results: CRP (p = 0.008) and TNF-alpha (p < 0.001) concentrations were significantly higher, whereas HDL-c (p = 0.025) and apo A-I (p = 0.013) levels were significantly lower in patients than in the controls. In the patient group, a negative and significant correlation was observed between HDL-c and TNF-alpha (r = -0.406; p = 0.049) and between HDL-c and TG (r = -0.641; p = 0.001). Conclusion: Common variable immunodeficiency and X-linked agammaglobulinaemia patients presented themselves with increased inflammatory markers associated with a decreased HDL-c and apo A-I levels, which can predispose to a high cardiovascular risk.

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Objective: To verify the type of milk consumed by children under one year of age and identify variables associated with non-maternal milk consumption (formula or cow milk). Methods: Cross-sectional study developed during the 2012 National Vaccination Campaign against Poliomyelitis. The companions of 935 children under one year of age answered a structured questionnaire on the child’s diet in the last 24 hours. The estimates are presented by points, with 95%CI. F-statistics were used to check for differences in the proportion of the types of milk consumption according to the children’s age range (<6 months and 6-11 months) and the association between non-maternal milk consumption and the study variables. Results: The consumption of maternal milk and child formula was higher for children under six months of age - corresponding to 82.8% (95%CI 78.5-86.3) and 70.4% (95%CI 61.4-78.0), respectively -, whereas the consumption of cow milk was higher among children between 6 and 11 months of age - 74.2% (95%CI 66.5-80.6) -, with differences in the consumption proportions (p<0.0001). The variables associated with higher cow milk consumption were lower maternal education (p<0.0001), the fact that the mother does not have a paid occupation (p=0.0015), child doctor’s appointment in the public health network (p<0.0001) and participation in the Child’s Milk Program (p<0.0001).Conclusions: The infants received cow’s milk early (before the first year of life), especially children from families with lower socioeconomic levels and children who took part in a specific social program for milk distribuition.

A prevalência da obesidade tem crescido e representa um problema de saúde pública. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar a relação entre a alimentação complementar e a prevalência de sobrepeso/ obesidade em duas escolas de Imbituva-PR, sendo uma pública e outra particular. Caracterizase por um estudo transversal que avaliou o estado nutricional de 45 crianças de 4 a 6 anos de idade. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo Software SPSS 16.0. A média do IMC foi de 16,71 ± 1,968 (kg/m²). Apenas 15 (33,3%) crianças foram amamentadas exclusivamente até o sexto mês de vida e esse não se mostrou um fator de proteção para sobrepeso/obesidade (p=1,00). O tempo de aleitamento materno menor que um ano apresentou associação estatisticamente significativa com sobrepeso/obesidade (p=0,027). A alimentação complementar não apresentou significância estatística quando comparada com sobrepeso/obesidade, entretanto foi precoce em quase todas as crianças pesquisadas. Descritores ABSTRACTThe prevalence of obesity has been increasing and it represents a public health issue. The aim of this research was to evaluate the relation between the complementary feeding and the overweight/ obesity prevalence in two schools from Imbituva-PR, a public one and a private one. It is characterized as a transversal study that evaluated the nutritional condition of forty-five children from 4 to 6 years old through anthropometric measures. The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 16.0 software. The average BMI was of 16.71 ± 1,968 (kg/m²). Only 15 (33,3%) children were exclusively breastfed until the sixth month of life and it did not prove to be a protective element against obesity. The breastfeeding that has lasted less than one year showed a significant statistical association with overweight/obesity (p=0,027). The complementary food did not present significant statistical results when compared to overweight/obesity. However, obesity was precocious in nearly all children studied.

Introdução: Comparar as prescrições realizadas por nutricionistas e médicos pediatras, sobre a alimentação complementar para crianças menores de dois anos e comparar com Guia Alimentar para menores de dois anos, desenvolvido pelo Ministério da Saúde (2005). Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com profissionais do município de Guarapuava – Paraná. O instrumento utilizado foi um questionário relacionado a alimentação complementar adaptado do estudo desenvolvido por Matos (2011). Para os dados obtidos, foi realizada análise estatística. Resultados: Participaram 6 nutricionistas e 12 pediatras. Em relação as recomendações realizadas pelos profissionais, destaca-se a introdução dos cereais e sucos, os quais divergem em relação as recomendações na ordem de prescrição. Já para as demais itens avaliados não houve diferença significativa entre as recomendações realizadas. Discussão: Verificou-se que não houve diferença significativa entre as orientações. E ainda, os profissionais realizam as orientações nutricionais em acordo com o guia o que implica na introdução correta da alimentação complementar.