Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) is an economically important crop and its cultivation has been expanded across temperate and subtropical regions of Brazil. Growing raspberries under plastic cover has becoming more common worldwide. This study investigated the effect of plastic cover on productive and morphological performance of primocane-fruiting raspberry cultivars, in southern Brazil. The experiment was arranged in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial design, with three raspberry cultivars, 'Heritage'; 'Fallgold' and 'Alemãzinha'; two cultivation systems, presence and absence of plastic cover; and two production cycles, fall and spring. We measured days from transplanting to flowering and harvesting. Plants were evaluated for dry mass of pruning, plant height, stem diameter, plant leaf area, fruit production, number of fruits, fruit weight, fruit longitudinal and transversal diameter, and harvesting period. Plastic cover reduced incident radiation on the canopy by 17 %. Cultivar 'Heritage' is early ripening in the fall cycle. The management under plastic cover prolonged the harvesting period of raspberries in the fall productive cycle for the cultivar 'Heritage' and, in spring, for cultivars 'Alemãzinha' and 'Fallgold'. In the spring cycle, plants increased their leaf area, fruit production and number of fruits. The cultivar 'Alemãzinha' performed better in the spring cycle when managed under plastic cover and was more productive, with a longer productive cycle and larger fruits.

ABSTRACT. The use of raw rice husk as substrate allows the use of crop systems that promote the recirculation of leachate in long crop cycles. Mini tomatoes present relatively low demand for photoassimilates. Thus, partial defoliation of the sympodium could benefit the crop without damage to the production or quality of the fruits. The objective of this work was to evaluate the plant growth, fruit yield and fruit quality of Cherry Hybrid Wanda and Grape Hybrid Dolcetto mini tomatoes cultivated in two recirculation crop systems (pots and troughs), using raw rice husk as substrate, under three defoliation conditions (without defoliation, removal of one and two leaves of the sympodium). The Cherry cultivar showed higher plant growth, fruit yield and mean fruit size. The Grape cultivar produced fruits with higher sugar concentration. For the Grape cultivar, the removal of one sympodium leaf did not affect the plant responses. However, for the Cherry cultivar, it was necessary to maintain the complete sympodium. The trough cultivation system improved plant growth and yield, whereas the pot system increased fruit sugar concentration.Keywords: cherry, grape, growth, Solanum lycopersicum, rice husk, substrate.Sistemas de cultivo em calhas x vasos com recirculação do lixiviado e níveis de desfolha para minitomates RESUMO. O emprego de casca de arroz in natura como substrato permite empregar sistemas de cultivo que promovam a reutilização do lixiviado em ciclos longos de produção, sendo importante estudar o manejo fitotécnico da cultura nesta condição. Os minitomates apresentam demanda de fotoassimilados relativamente pequena. Assim, a desfolha parcial do simpódio poderia beneficiar a cultura sem prejuízos à produção e qualidade dos frutos. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento, o comportamento produtivo e a qualidade de frutos de minitomateiro Cereja Híbrido Wanda e Grape Híbrido Dolcetto em dois sistemas fechados de cultivo (vasos e calhas), empregando casca de arroz in natura como substrato, sob três condições de desfolha (sem desfolha, retirada de uma e duas folhas do simpódio). A cultivar Cereja apresentou maior crescimento da planta, produção e tamanho médio de frutos. A cultivar Grape apresentou frutos com maior concentração de açúcares. Para cultivar Grape, a retirada de uma folha do simpódio não afetou as respostas produtivas. Entretanto, para cultivar Cereja é necessária a manutenção do simpódio completo. O sistema de cultivo em calhas melhora o crescimento e eleva as respostas produtivas, enquanto que o sistema de vasos aumenta a concentração de açúcares dos frutos.

The study aimed to evaluate rooting of raspberry cultivars from leafy cuttings in two seasons, autumn and winter. The cultivars Schöenmann, Willamette, Heritage, Polana, Indian Summer, Fall Gold, Golden Bliss and Bababerry were evaluated. Assessments were done 90 days after the installation for both seasons, evaluating the following traits: percentage of cuttings with callus; rooted and live cuttings; the longest root length; and dry mass of roots and sprouting. The results showed that is possible to obtain good rooting rates from leafy cuttings of raspberry cultivars in autumn, and regular in winter. The cultivars Bababerry, Schoenmann and Golden Bliss had higher rooting percentage, followed by Heritage, Polana, Willamette and Fallgold. The cultivar Indian Summer had the lower rooting percentage in autumn and winter.

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This study aimed to evaluate the growth and quality of lisianthus cultivated in different rice husk substrates. The evaluated substrates were: carbonized rice husk (CRH; 100%); raw rice husk (RRH; 100%); CRH (70%) + S10 Beifort® commercial organic compost (30%); and RRH (70%) + S10 Beifort® commercial organic compost (30%). Plant dry mass (DM) production and partitioning, plant leaf area and shoot/root DM ratio were analyzed. Quality parameters of the flower stems were also evaluated (length; diameter and number of flowers and buds). The RRH substrate at 100% reduced plant growth and prevented flower development. This modified dry mass partitioning among the plant organs. The substrates RRH + S10 and CRH provided quality flower stems. Thus, both substrates can be used to produce cut lisianthus flowers in recirculating nutrient systems. However, the RRH + S10 substrate stood out because it increased plant growth. This result is ascribed to the improvement of the physical and chemical properties of substrate RRH + S10 as a result of the presence of both the organic compost, which benefited the water holding capacity, and the RRH, which guaranteed high porosity to the substrate.