The goal of this paper is to present the ergonomic process of an automotive company, whose focus is on the adaptation of the work conditions to the psychophysiological characteristics of its employees. The planning and the development of the ergonomic actions took place in three distinctive stages: ergonomic analysis of the work post (stage 1), ergonomic adaptations (stage 2) and Ergonomic Committee (stage 3). The activities started in June 2006 and have lasted to the current date, keeping a permanent improving process. The procedure adopted was based on the ergonomic analysis methodology proposed by Wisner (1994Wisner ( :1997 and the stages of the Ergonomic Analysis of Work presented in the 17 NR Regulatory Manual (MET, 2002). The paper's approach focused on the voluntary participation of workers from different areas and different hierarchical levels of the organization throughout all the stages of the process. The methodological procedures included descriptive research techniques, exploratory and qualitative research criteria, background and guidelines available in literature and legislation, as well as company information. Among the main results it can be mentioned the satisfaction of the employees regarding the appropriate work conditions, cultural and organizational changes and the creation of an Ergonomic Committee in the company.
Este estudo teve como intuito compreender como o reconhecimento do trabalho docente na educação infantil interfere na saúde das professoras. Para isso, buscou entender as modificações no contexto da educação infantil e os fatores produtores de prazer e sofrimento no ambiente laboral. A pesquisa foi realizada em um município do interior do Rio Grande do Sul, com oito docentes da primeira etapa da educação da rede pública, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. A metodologia utilizada foi uma adaptação da psicodinâmica do trabalho strictu sensu. O trabalho docente na educação infantil tem passado por modificações, inclusive em sua organização. Algumas professoras precisaram assumir a responsabilidade pedagógica de mais de uma turma, o que acarretou o aumento da carga de trabalho. Além disso, possuem pouco tempo com as crianças e a principal atividade se refere a atribuições de tarefas. Nesse sentido, a dinâmica da contribuição e do reconhecimento das profissionais é afetada. O reconhecimento é fundamental para que o trabalho tenha sentido para o sujeito. Para as professoras pesquisadas ele provém das crianças com as quais trabalham e é manifestado por meio do afeto.Palavras-chave: Reconhecimento do trabalho, Trabalho docente, Educação infantil, Saúde do trabalhador, Psicodinâmica do trabalho."Then who am I?": the teaching work in childhood education and the impacts of the work organization in the dynamic of recognition This study had as a general objective to understand how the recognition of the teaching work in the childhood education interferes with the health of the teachers. For this purpose, it sought to understand the changes in the context of childhood education and the factors that produce pleasure and suffering due to the work environment. The research was carried out in a municipality in the countryside of Rio Grande do Sul, with eight teachers from the first stage of public education, through semi-structured interviews. The methodology used was an adaptation of the Psychodynamics of Work Stricto Sensu. Teaching work in childhood education has undergone changes, its organization included. Some teachers had to assume the pedagogical responsibility of more than one class, which has led to an increase in the workload. In addition, they have little time with the children and the main activity refers to tasks distribution. In this sense, the dynamic of contribution and recognition of the professionals is affected. The acknowledgment is essential so that the work has a meaning for the subject. For the researched teachers, it comes from the children with whom they work, manifested through affection.
Botulism is caused by the blockage of the neural transmission in the cholinergic synapses by botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) which is produced by Clostridium botulinum or other Clostridia. The classic form of botulism occurs after the ingestion of food contaminated by BoNT. The course of the infection can be asymptomatic, mild with subtle paralysis ("failure to thrive") oder severe with generalized paralysis ("floppy infant"). Infected infants can also die sudden and unexpectedly. These deaths often are attributed to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), unless a thorough postmortem examination reveals Botulism. The rate of fatal Botulism falsely attributed to SIDS is not known, because it is difficult in most cases to show the causal relationship between contamination, disease and death. We report the sudden and unexpected simultaneous death of twins of 22 months which could be attributed to Botulism. Contamination of food, colonization of the gut by Clostridia and infection with specific pathomorphological changes could be proven. The initial suspicion of infanticide could be excluded. lt could be shown, that Botulism is a potential cause of simultaneous unexpected deaths in twins.
Mechanical overburdening is a major risk factor that provokes non-infectious claw diseases. Moreover, lameness-causing lesions often remain undetected and untreated. Therefore, prevention of claw tissue overburdening is of interest, especially by analyzing harmful effects within dairy cows’ housing environment. However, objective “on-cow” methods for bovine gait analysis are underdeveloped. The purpose of the study was to apply an innovative mobile pressure sensor system attached at the claws to perform pedobarometric gait analysis. A further goal was the supplementation with accelerative data, generated simultaneously by use of two inertial measurement units (IMUs), attached at metatarsal level. IMU data were analyzed with an automatic step detection algorithm. Gait analysis was performed in ten dairy cows, walking and trotting on concrete flooring and rubber mats. In addition to the basic applicability of the sensor systems and with the aid of the automatic step detection algorithm for gait analysis in cows, we were able to determine the impact of the gait and flooring type on kinematic and kinetic parameters. For pressure sensor output, concrete was associated with significantly (p < 0.001) higher maximum and average pressure values and a significantly smaller contact area, compared to rubber mats. In contrast to walking, trotting led to a significantly higher force, especially under the medial claw. Further, IMU-derived parameters were significantly influenced by the gait. The described sensor systems are useful tools for detailed gait analysis in dairy cows. They allow the investigation of factors which may affect claw health negatively.
Zusammenfassung Gegenstand und Ziel Hohe Druckbelastungen der Rinderklauen führen regelmäßig zu Schäden an den Klauengeweben und nachfolgend zu therapiebedürftigen Rusterholz’schen Sohlengeschwüren (RSG). Ein komplizierter Verlauf der RSG kann durch fachgerechte Klauenpflege verhindert werden. In dieser Studie wurde untersucht, wie sich ein an der Außenklaue der Hintergliedmaße vorgenommener stufenloser und keilförmiger Entlastungsschnitt vom Ballen bis zur Sohlenspitze auf die Druckverteilung unter den Klauen der Beckengliedmaße auswirkt und ob eine Veränderung der Druckverteilung zur Lederhautentlastung im Bereich des Defekts führt. Material und Methode Neunzehn isolierte distale Rindergliedmaßen vom Schlachthof (A: unbearbeiteter Zustand) wurden schrittweise bearbeitet (B: funktionelle Klauenpflege, Schritt 1–3; C: Erweiterung der Hohlkehlung und kreisrunde Bohrung zur Simulation eines RSG an der Außenklaue; D: keilförmiger Entlastungsschnitt vom Ballen bis zur Hälfte der Sohlenfläche in Richtung Sohlenspitze; E: keilförmige Erweiterung des Entlastungsschnittes über die gesamte Sohlenfläche bis kurz vor die Sohlenspitze). Zwischen den einzelnen Bearbeitungsschritten wurden die Gliedmaßen mit 200 kg belastet. Die Druckverteilung unter den Klauen wurde mit Drucksensoren gemessen. Außerdem wurden die Klauen auf einer Glasplatte positioniert, was die Beurteilung der Vorwölbung der Lederhaut bzw. des Fettpolsters anhand des Bohrlochs ermöglichte. Ergebnisse In Zustand A lasteten durchschnittlich 63 %, bei Zustand E 30 % der gesamten Kraft auf der Außenklaue. Mit zunehmender Bearbeitung der Klauen verlagerten sich die Druckmaxima vom Ballen- in den Sohlenspitzenbereich. Die relative Belastungsfläche der Innenklaue nahm mit fortschreitender Bearbeitung um bis zu 18,4 % zu. In Zustand E ergab sich im Vergleich zu C eine signifikante Reduzierung der Lederhautvorwölbung im Bereich des künstlichen Sohlendefekts. Schlussfolgerung Der keilförmige Entlastungsschnitt (E) führte an den isolierten Rindergliedmaßen zu einer Außenklauen- und Ballenentlastung und stellt eine Methode zur Defekt- und Lederhautentlastung dar. Klinische Relevanz Der Entlastungsschnitt könnte auch am lebenden Tier eine Druckentlastung der Außenklaue bewirken und so den Krankheitsverlauf von RSG positiv beeinflussen.
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