Patients exposed to a surgical safety checklist experience better postoperative outcomes, but this could simply reflect wider quality of care in hospitals where checklist use is routine.

ObjectiveTo carry out a systematic review with meta-analysis of prevalence of caries in Latin America and Caribbean children considering studies performed in this new century.MethodsTwo reviewers searched PubMed, Embase, LILACS and governmental databases through May 2016 to identify papers published in English, Portuguese or Spanish. Studies in those countries performed with 5–6 or 11–13 year-old children and that presented separate prevalence figures from primary and permanent teeth were selected. We performed a descriptive analysis of studies and meta-analysis to calculate the overall prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) in both primary and permanent teeth. We also analyzed the trends of prevalence of caries through the years and influence of other variables on caries prevalence using multilevel analysis.ResultsSeventy-five studies were included from the 1,306 articles initially retrieved. The meta-analysis of caries prevalence grouped for Latin American and the Caribbean countries were highly different from Brazil and other investigated countries for primary teeth (5–6 years-old—Brazil: 0.52, other countries:0.70) and permanent teeth (11–12 years-old—Brazil: 0.56, other countries: 0.63). For studies conducted only in Brazil the prevalence was significant lower for primary but not for permanent teeth. In Brazil, a downward trend of caries prevalence was observed in 11-13-year-old children.ConclusionDespite the decline of caries prevalence in permanent teeth, mainly in Brazil, the disease still affects more than half of the children population in Latin American and Caribbean countries in the 21st Century.

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Background The Clavien–Dindo classification is perhaps the most widely used approach for reporting postoperative complications in clinical trials. This system classifies complication severity by the treatment provided. However, it is unclear whether the Clavien–Dindo system can be used internationally in studies across differing healthcare systems in high‐ (HICs) and low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Methods This was a secondary analysis of the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), a prospective observational cohort study of elective surgery in adults. Data collection occurred over a 7‐day period. Severity of complications was graded using Clavien–Dindo and the simpler ISOS grading (mild, moderate or severe, based on guided investigator judgement). Severity grading was compared using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Data are presented as frequencies and ICC values (with 95 per cent c.i.). The analysis was stratified by income status of the country, comparing HICs with LMICs. Results A total of 44 814 patients were recruited from 474 hospitals in 27 countries (19 HICs and 8 LMICs). Some 7508 patients (16·8 per cent) experienced at least one postoperative complication, equivalent to 11 664 complications in total. Using the ISOS classification, 5504 of 11 664 complications (47·2 per cent) were graded as mild, 4244 (36·4 per cent) as moderate and 1916 (16·4 per cent) as severe. Using Clavien–Dindo, 6781 of 11 664 complications (58·1 per cent) were graded as I or II, 1740 (14·9 per cent) as III, 2408 (20·6 per cent) as IV and 735 (6·3 per cent) as V. Agreement between classification systems was poor overall (ICC 0·41, 95 per cent c.i. 0·20 to 0·55), and in LMICs (ICC 0·23, 0·05 to 0·38) and HICs (ICC 0·46, 0·25 to 0·59). Conclusion Caution is recommended when using a treatment approach to grade complications in global surgery studies, as this may introduce bias unintentionally.

Knowledge management applied to projected organizations brings some specific challenges, as it is an environment in constant change and employee turnover. As a result, it is necessary that knowledge can be transferred to other people in organizations, as well as to other groups. In this sense, it is necessary to identify the benefits from knowledge management, and at the same time understand what motivates people to invest and contribute to knowledge management. The purpose of the research is to investigate practices for knowledge management in project-based organizations and how they affect success in these organizations. With the obtained results, this research contributes to the literature and professionals by correlating the different constructs of the universe of knowledge management. The research objectives were answered using literature review added to the analysis of multiple cases. Four organizations based on Brazilian projects participated in the cases. These organizations are immersed in different business environments, with different aspects of culture and organizational environment. Each case had the participation of three respondents who work in the areas of knowledge management, project management, and project implementation. The results showed that knowledge management has an impact on increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of project execution and reducing the learning curve. The business environment directly affects the challenges of implementing knowledge management, having the ability to reduce challenges related to employee motivational issues. While leaders and technological support can facilitate knowledge management processes and ensure greater fluidity in activities that comprise knowledge management.

Paper aims: Identify the mechanisms, processes, challenges and other contexts of project-based organizations that affect or are affected by knowledge management. Originality:The literature lacks studies that assist project-based organizations in the successful use of knowledge management. We bring these analyzes to this article. Research method:We performed a multiple case study applied to two Brazilian companies. Main findings:The organizations face challenges due to managerial, operational, and strategic issues. The knowledge management occurs through codification and sharing of data, and both formal and informal events were identified. Implications for theory and practice:This paper provides new guidelines for future research, also, several components that affect knowledge management were identified, so professionals will be able to design and implement models with a greater chance of success.