The purpose of this paper is to investigate planned product and service consumption patterns among US, Canadian, Japanese, Chinese, South Korean and Australian/New Zealand tourists in Hawaii. Using multiple analyses of variance, the first study empirically explores the influence of a tourist's residential country of origin on planned product and service consumption. The second study explores the planned consumption differences between, and among, American and Japanese first-time and repeat visitors to Hawaii. The results reveal significant cross-cultural differences in consumption patterns among international tourists to Hawaii.
This article provides a two-part, exploratory analysis of planned spending on shopping, dining, and other recreational activities among Japanese tourists in Hawaii. The empirical findings from the first study reveal that Japanese tourists primarily plan to engage in duty-free shopping during their stay in Hawaii. In contrast, American tourists plan to engage in cultural activities and fine dining opportunities during their Hawaiian vacation. A second study was used to explore the propensity of Japanese tourists in Hawaii to shop at both high-end boutiques and discounted retail outlets. The results of a two-step cluster analysis reveal that Japanese tourists may be classified into two exclusive groups, shopping enthusiasts and nonshoppers. The data support the conclusion that shopping enthusiasts plan to patronize three types of retail outlets in Hawaii: duty-free stores, factory outlets, and designer boutiques. Managerial implications and directives for future theoretical development are provided.
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