Using product and system design to influence user behaviour offers potential for improving performance and reducing user error, yet little guidance is available at the concept generation stage for design teams briefed with influencing user behaviour. This article presents the Design with Intent Method, an innovation tool for designers working in this area, illustrated via application to an everyday human-technology interaction problem: reducing the likelihood of a customer leaving his or her card in an automatic teller machine. The example application results in a range of feasible design concepts which are comparable to existing developments in ATM design, demonstrating that the method has potential for development and application as part of a user-centred design process.

We investigated habitat selection and home‐range characteristics of American martens (Martes americana) that occupied home ranges with partially harvested stands characterized by basal area of trees <18 m2/ha and canopy closure <30%. During the leaf‐on season (1 May–31 Oct), martens selected second‐growth (80–140‐years‐old, >9‐m tree height) forest stands (deciduous, coniferous, and mixed coniferous‐deciduous) and mixed stands that were partially harvested (x̄ = 13 m2/ha residual basal area, >9‐m tree height), and they selected against forests regenerating after clearcutting (≤6‐m tree height, cuts ≤24‐years‐old). Marten home ranges included a greater proportion of partially harvested stands during the leaf‐on season (maximum = 73%) than during leaf‐off (1 Nov–30 Apr; maximum = 34%). Higher use of partially harvested stands during the leaf‐on season coincided with greater canopy closure, higher use of small mammals, and greater relative densities of small mammals. During the leaf‐off season, martens exhibited reduced relative selection for partially harvested and regenerating stands and increased selection for second‐growth forest types. Partially harvested and regenerating clearcut stands had canopy closure <30% and basal area of trees >9‐m tall of <13m2/ha; both were below published thresholds required by martens. Coincidentally, home‐range areas of martens increased during the leaf‐off season to include a greater proportion of second‐growth forest and less partially harvested forest. Further, martens with partial harvesting in their home ranges used areas almost twice as large during the leaf‐off season as martens with no partial harvesting. Snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) were prevalent prey for martens during the leaf‐off season, and partially harvested stands had the lowest density of hares among all forest overstory types. Our findings suggest that the combination of insufficient basal area and overhead canopy closure, subnivean behavior of small mammals, increased reliance on hares, and reduced density of snowshoe hares relative to second‐growth forest types reduced habitat quality in partially harvested stands during the leaf‐off season. We suggest land managers retain basal areas >18 m2/ha and canopy closure >30% during winter to maximize use by martens in stands where partial harvesting is practiced.

We related winter habitat selection by Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis), relative abundance of snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus), and understory stem densities to evaluate whether lynx select stands with the greatest snowshoe hare densities or the greatest prey accessibility. Lynx (3 F, 3 M) selected tall (4.4‐7.3 m) regenerating clear‐cuts (11‐26 yr postharvest) and established partially harvested stands (11‐21 yr postharvest) and selected against short (3.4‐4.3 m) regenerating clear‐cuts, recent partially harvested stands (1‐10 yr), mature second‐growth stands (>40 yr), and roads and their edges (30 m on either side of roads). Lynx selected stands that provided intermediate to high hare density and intermediate cover for hares (i.e., prey access) but exhibited lower relative preference for stand types with highest hare densities where coniferous saplings exceeded 14,000 stems/ha.

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Resource partitioning between bobcats (Felis rufus) and coyotes (Canis latrans) was investigated in eastern Maine during 1979–1984, when colonizing populations of coyotes were rapidly expanding. A total of 2615 radio locations of 10 resident bobcats and 6 resident coyotes were used to investigate activity patterns, spatial relationships, and habitat use. The daily distribution of activity by both species was similar during all seasons, and neighboring bobcat–coyote home ranges overlapped. Simultaneous locations of eight sympatric bobcat–coyote pairs (≥ 10% home range overlap) indicated an apparent lack of attraction or avoidance between neighboring heterospecifics. Bobcats preferred hardwood stands during all seasons (P < 0.05), and occupied softwood-dominated stands less than expected (P < 0.05) during autumn and winter. Coyote habitat use was less consistent, and indices of habitat-use overlap with bobcats varied from 0.60 during autumn to 1.00 during winter. Seasonal indices of diet diversity, based on the examination of 1495 feces, indicated that bobcats were more specialized than coyotes. Coyotes became omnivorous during summer and autumn, while bobcats remained strict carnivores during all seasons. Indices of diet overlap were higher during winter (0.76) and spring (0.72) than during summer (0.49) and autumn (0.49). The numbers of bobcats and coyotes trapped in eastern Maine during 1977–1986 were negatively correlated (r = −0.75, P < 0.02), suggesting a population response to exploitation competition between these two carnivores.

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . Wiley and Wildlife Society are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Wildlife Management. Abstract: Despite the coyote's (Canis latrans) ecological and economic importance, knowledge of dispersal and its effects on coyote population dynamics and social organization are fragmentary. Hence, I investigated the dispersal of 47 radio-collared juvenile coyotes from 2 Maine study sites during 1981-84. Dispersal of juvenile coyotes began during late September of their first year. Peaks in onset of dispersal occurred during October-November and during February-March. No dispersals were initiated during late December-January. Eighty-six percent of pups (n = 36) dispersed during their first year of life; 100% departed prior to 1.5 years of age. Annual survival rate from 0.5 to 1.5 years was lower for dispersers (0.47) than for residents (0.74). Coyotes traveled along their initial bearing of dispersal, thus maximizing distances from natal areas. Water barriers deflected movements of dispersing coyotes and resulted in concentrations of dispersers adjacent to water features. Minimum distances dispersed averaged 94 km for 11 juvenile female coyotes and 113 km for 9 juvenile males. There were no differences (P > 0.18) between sexes in the first-year dispersal rate or in the proportion, age, or distance of d-ispersal. Low food densities may preclude delayed dispersal and pack formation in this population. Juvenile dispersal probably confounds attempts to manage coyote populations intensively in localized areas. J. WILDL. MANAGE. 56(1):128-138 Dispersal affects the long term survival and population dynamics of plants and animals (Caughley 1978). Because dispersal is particularly common near the onset of sexual maturity in Canidae, some researchers (Bekoff 1977, Kleiman and Brady 1978) have postulated that differences in social behavior (e.g., monogamy vs. polygamy, solitary living vs. pack forming, nonterritorial vs. territorial) within this family are related to differences in dispersal patterns. The variety of group sizes and social systems exhibited by coyotes may be related to differences in the age and timing of juvenile dispersal (Kleiman and Brady 1978, Bowen 1981, Messier and Barrette 1982). Despite the coyote's ecological and economic importance, knowledge of dispersal and its effects on coyote population dynamics and social organization are fragmentary. Further, several aspects of the life history and social behavior of recently established coyote populations in northeastern North America (Hilton 1978) have not been documented. Caughley (1978) described dispersal as the most difficult of all population processes to investigate, which explain...