Stand scale effects of partial harvesting and clearcutting on small mammals and forest structure

Fuller, Angela K.; Harrison, Daniel J.; Lachowski, Henry J

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2004.01.014

Cited by 113 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In the years after clear-cutting, deer food such as the stems of shrubs, herbs and grasses, increase in abundance and availability (Harlow et al, 1997). Overstorey reduction results in increased; succulent (shrub) browsing by moose (Monthey, 1984), winter browsing (seedlings or saplings) by hare (Harlow et al, 1997), and tree seeds and invertebrate prey for small mammals (Fuller et al, 2004). Similarly Hylobius abietis populations are dependent on the abundance of fresh conifer stumps (Långström and Day, 2002).…”

Section: Harvestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influences of forest stand management on biotic and abiotic risks of damage

Jactel

Nicoll

Branco³

et al. 2009

Ann. For. Sci.

232

167

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Abstract• This article synthesizes and reviews the available information on the effects of forestry practices on the occurrence of biotic and abiotic hazards, as well as on stand susceptibility to these damaging agents, concentrating on mammal herbivores, pest insects, pathogenic fungi, wind and fire.• The management operations examined are site selection, site preparation, stand composition, regeneration method, cleaning and weed control, thinning and pruning, and harvesting. For each of these operations we have examined how they influence the occurrence of biotic and abiotic damaging agents, the susceptibility of European forests, and describe the ecological processes that may explain these influences.• Overall, we find that the silvicultural operations that have the largest influence on both biotic and abiotic risks to European forest stands are closely related to species composition and the structure of the overstorey. Four main processes that drive the causal relationships between stand management and susceptibility have been identified: effect on local microclimate, provision of fuel and resources to biotic and abiotic hazards, enhancement of biological control by natural enemies and changes in individual tree physiology and development.• The review demonstrates an opportunity to develop silvicultural methods that achieve forest management objectives at the same time as minimising biotic and abiotic risks. Mots-clés :sylviculture / peuplement / occurrence / sensibilité / Résumé -Influences de la sylviculture sur le risque de dégâts biotiques et abiotiques dans les peuplements forestiers.• Cette revue bibliographique s'intéresse aux effets de la sylviculture sur la sensibilité des peuplements forestiers aux principaux agents de dégâts biotiques et abiotiques que sont les mammifères herbivores, les insectes ravageurs, les champignons pathogènes, le feu et les vents forts. * Corresponding author: herve.jactel@pierroton.inra.frArticle published by EDP Sciences Ann. For. Sci. 66 (2009) 701 H. Jactel et al.• Les pratiques forestières analysées sont la sélection et la préparation des sites de reboisement, la définition de la composition en essences et le choix du matériel génétique, les méthodes de régé-nération et d'entretien, les modalités d'éclaircie et d'élagage, le mode de récolte finale. L'influence de chacune de ces opérations sur l'occurrence des agents de dégâts biotiques et abiotiques et sur la sensibilité des peuplements est examinée ainsi que les processus écologiques sous-jacents.• Les opérations sylvicoles qui se révèlent les plus déterminantes pour la sensibilité des forêts en Europe sont celles qui affectent la composition et la structure de la strate arborée. Quatre principaux processus écologiques semblent expliquer la relation entre sylviculture et sensibilité des peuplements : la modification du micro-climat, l'apport de ressources ou de combustible aux agents de dégâts, l'amélioration du contrôle biologique par les ennemis naturels et l'altération de la physiologie et du développement des arb...

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Section: Harvestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influences of forest stand management on biotic and abiotic risks of damage

Jactel

Nicoll

Branco³

et al. 2009

Ann. For. Sci.

232

167

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“…In addition to tracking species composition, tree growth, and dead wood response to CT, we evaluated response of four selected groups of taxa for the following reasons: (i) forest floor vascular plants can be sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance, often showing increased diversity after a disturbance takes place (Paillet et al 2010) and some species require coarse woody debris (CWD) as substrate (Simard et al 1998); (ii) saproxylic invertebrates are associated with dead and dying wood (Speight 1989), and have been shown to decline in richness in response to thinning in naturally regenerated forest (Klimaszewski et al 2003) and with practices that reduce deadwood, but we suspected that they may benefit from coarse and fine woody debris (FWD) produced by CT due to the paucity of this resource in plantations; (iii) small mammals have lower abundance in intensive spruce plantations than in naturally regenerated softwood (Bowman et al 2001a, Fuller et al 2004, Keppie et al 2005, and large contiguous patches of plantations have been characterized with reduced small mammal abundance (Bowman et al 2001a);and (iv) forest birds are tightly linked to stand structure and deadwood, with up to 40% of North American forest birds using cavities for nesting (McComb and Lindenmayer 1999), and many of those species depend on deadwood as a source of food (e.g., Bütler et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental manipulation of habitat structures in intensively managed spruce plantations to increase their value for biodiversity conservation

MacLeanDavid

DracupEvan

GandiagaFranck

et al. 2015

The Forestry Chronicle

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Six intensively managed white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) plantations located in three general landscape contexts (plantation dominated, hardwood dominated, and mixed hardwood and plantation) in northern New Brunswick underwent alternative commercial thinning (CT) treatments: 1) an unthinned control; and three 40% basal area CT removals, with 2) slash and tops remaining on site (status quo CT), 3) branches and tops extracted from the site (biomass removal CT), and 4) clumps of unthinned trees left, and one-half girdled to create snags (enhanced structure CT). We examined responses of taxa that have a clear connection to deadwood and thinning response: beetles and bird species that are directly dependent upon deadwood, ground vegetation species sensitive to disturbance, and small mammals that have been observed to have low density in planted stands. Results three years post-thinning showed that crown width and tree growth responded positively to CT, and herbaceous vegetation diverged from reference stands and unthinned treatments with CT, but greatest compositional change was associated with biomass removal CT. Beetles responded positively to CT, small mammal species responded both positively (red-backed voles) and negatively (woodland jumping mice) to CT, but areas dominated by plantations had negative effects on voles. Effects of CT on songbirds were unclear and their quantification would require larger treated blocks, but maintenance of habitat at the landscape level is essential for the conservation of bird species that require deadwood. The experimental biomass removal CT was least similar to both unthinned and older unmanaged stands, and may therefore be detrimental to biodiversity conservation efforts. These results are only the initial three years after treatment but set the study up to permit a long-term legacy of determining long-term responses of taxa over stand development.Keywords: commercial thinning, beetles, songbirds, small mammals, ground vegetation, deadwood, tree growth response, plantation habitat RÉSUMÉ Six plantations d' épinette blanche (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) aménagées de façon intensive, et situées dans trois paysages forestiers différents (prédominance de plantation, prédominance de feuillus et mélange de feuillus et de plantation) dans le nord du Nouveau-Brunswick ont fait l' objet de traitements d' éclaircie alternatifs (ÉC) : 1) témoin non éclairci; et trois éclaircies commerciales à 40 % de la surface terrière avec 2) abandon des branches et des houppiers sur le parterre de coupe (ÉC statu quo), 3) enlèvement des branches et des houppiers de sur le parterre de coupe (ÉC avec prélèvement de la biomasse), et 4) maintien de groupes d'arbres non éclaircis et annelés à moitié pour créer des chicots (ÉC avec structure améliorée). Nous avons étudié les taxons qui ont un lien étroit avec le bois mort ainsi que leur réaction à l' éclaircie : les coléoptères et les oiseaux qui ont absolument besoin de bois mort, les espèces vivant dans la végétation du sol, sensibles aux ...

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“…Deer Mice were also influenced by the silvicultural treatments: individuals were more abundant in sites harvested by CPRS and CPPTM than in the other sites . The Deer Mouse is an early successional species that generally benefits from low levels of retention (Steventon et al 1998, Fuller et al 2004. Snowshoe Hares displayed a similarly strong reaction to the differences in logging intensity among silvicultural treatments.…”

Section: Partial Cutting Old-growth Stands and Animal Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial cutting in old-growth boreal stands: An integrated experiment

Ruel

FortinDaniel

Pothier

2013

The Forestry Chronicle

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The uncut boreal forest of eastern Québec is largely composed of stands with an irregular structure. Traditionally, even-aged silvicultural systems have been used for these forests but a strong interest has developed in alternative approaches. In 2004, an integrated experiment was established to provide a general assessment of harvesting uneven-aged boreal forest stands with a wide variety of treatments. Here, we summarize the key results of this experiment, which involved four silvicultural treatments differing in the level of tree retention: a clearcut with advance growth protection, a severe partial cut protecting small vigorous merchantable stems (75%-90% basal area removed), and two patterns of selection cutting (35% basal area removed). We evaluated treatment effects on vegetation attributes and animal species assemblages. We also assessed whether or not selection cutting approaches could become broadly used on an operational basis by examining simple forms of application and assessing their economic profitability. We found that many attributes of old-growth forests can be maintained with selection cutting, even with simple approaches that do not invest in marking trees to cut. Unlike more severe cuts, silvicultural treatments with more than 55% tree retention largely maintain the animal assemblages associated with old forests. Financial analysis showed that selection cutting is profitable over the long time frame, but clearcutting remains more profitable. This greater profitability is related to the first entry, whereas future entries will be more profitable with selection cutting.Keywords: old forests, silviculture, profitability, selection cutting, black spruce, balsam fir, ecosystem management, wildlife résumé La forêt boréale de l' est du Québec comprend une abondance de vieilles forêts de structure irrégulière. De façon courante, ces forêts ont été récoltées sous un régime d'aménagement équienne mais un intérêt pour des méthodes alternatives s' est développé. En 2004, une étude intégrée a été établie afin de comparer la récolte de peuplements irréguliers en forêt boréale à l'aide d'une diversité d'approches. Dans cet article, nous présentons une synthèse des principaux résultats de quatre traitements sylvicoles différant quant au niveau de rétention : coupe avec protection de la régénération et des sols, coupe avec protection des petites tiges marchandes (récolte de 75%-90% de la surface terrière), et deux patrons de jardinage (récolte de 35% de la surface terrière). L' effet des traitements sur les attributs végétaux et les communautés animales a été examiné. Afin de vérifier la possibilité d'utiliser le jardinage sur une base opérationnelle, des approches simples ont été testées et leur rentabilité a été étudiée. Les résultats démontrent que plusieurs des attributs des vieilles forêts peuvent être maintenus avec les approches de jardinage, même sans martelage des tiges à récolter. Contrairement aux approches les plus utilisées, celles laissant plus de 55% du couvert ont en général maintenu ...

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Stand scale effects of partial harvesting and clearcutting on small mammals and forest structure

Cited by 113 publications

References 36 publications

The influences of forest stand management on biotic and abiotic risks of damage

The influences of forest stand management on biotic and abiotic risks of damage

Experimental manipulation of habitat structures in intensively managed spruce plantations to increase their value for biodiversity conservation

Partial cutting in old-growth boreal stands: An integrated experiment

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