Bobcat–coyote niche relationships during a period of coyote population increase

Litvaitis, John A.; Harrison, Daniel J.

doi:10.1139/z89-170

Cited by 107 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Rarely were both species active simultaneously, and activity of arctic foxes decreased when red foxes were present. Nevertheless, clear temporal segregation has been found rarely in studies of resource partitioning between sympatric potentially interacting carnivores (e.g., Major and Sherburne 1987;Litvaitis and Harrison 1989).…”

Section: Temporal Segregationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interspecific Killing among Mammalian Carnivores

Palomares¹,

Caro²

1999

The American Naturalist

913

623

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Interspecific killing among mammalian carnivores is common in nature and accounts for up to 68% of known mortalities in some species. Interactions may be symmetrical (both species kill each other) or asymmetrical (one species kills the other), and in some interactions adults of one species kill young but not adults of the other. There is a positive significant relationship between the body masses of solitary killer species and body masses of their victim species, and grouping species kill larger victims than solitary species. Interactions and consumption of the victim appear more common when food is scarce or disputed. In response to killers, victim species may alter their use of space, activity patterns, and form groups. Consequences of interspecific killing include population reduction or even extinction, and reduction and enhancement of prey populations, and may therefore have important implications for conservation and management of carnivores and their prey.

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Section: Temporal Segregationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interspecific Killing among Mammalian Carnivores

Palomares¹,

Caro²

1999

The American Naturalist

913

623

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…No differences in temporal activity were observed between coyotes and bobcats (Litvaitis and Harrison 1989) or between swift foxes (Vulpes velox) and coyotes (Kitchen et al 1999 Fedriani et al 1999) have noted interspecific differences in activity patterns. In general, mesopredators appear to demonstrate considerable variability in the occurrence of temporal partitioning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Assessment of temporal partitioning in foraging patterns of syntopic Virginia opossums and raccoons

Carver

Kennedy

Houston

et al. 2011

Journal of Mammalogy

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Temporal partitioning in foraging patterns of syntopic Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana) and raccoons (Procyon lotor) was investigated at 3 sites in western Tennessee through the use of timers attached to live traps on trapping grids and through time-stamped remote photography using infrared-triggered cameras at bait stations. Data were analyzed using Watson's U 2 -test, chi-square analyses, and probability tests. Results revealed no intraspecific differences in time of foraging for either species and a lack of interspecific differentiation. A high degree of overlap in foraging times of the species was observed. Virginia opossums and raccoons apparently did not partition their times of foraging. Foraging patterns of each species seem to be independent of the other (neutral association). Ecologically similar species are often thought to reduce competitive effects through partitioning of resources (e.g., food, habitat, space). Such interactions have been discussed in previous works (Heller and von Helversen 1989;Kamler et al. 2003;Moreno et al. 2006;Schoener 1974), and temporal partitioning, especially as it relates to foraging time, has been proposed as a mechanism that permits coexistence of potentially competing species (Carothers and Jaksić 1984;Case and Gilpin 1974). However, temporal interactions within and between many species of mammals (especially mammalian mesopredators) remain unclear.Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana) and raccoons (Procyon lotor) are syntopic (i.e., coexist) throughout much of their distributions. Considerable overlap has been observed between the taxa in both habitat use and diet (Gardner and Sunquist 2003;Gehrt 2003;Kissell and Kennedy 1992;Llewellyn and Uhler 1952;Zeveloff 2002), providing numerous opportunities for interspecific interactions. However, associations between these species are relatively unstudied. With the exception of Ladine (1997), no investigation has assessed diel foraging patterns between these species. Ladine (1997) suggested that opossums and raccoons partitioned resources through differences in foraging times. Additionally, he observed intraspecific differences in foraging times within these species but was uncertain as to whether such results were biologically meaningful.The purpose of the present investigation was to assess temporal differences in intraspecific and interspecific foraging patterns of opossums and raccoons. Specifically, we predicted that no temporal differences exist in the patterns of diel foraging within species in relation to sex and age. Additionally, we predicted that no temporal difference exists in diel foraging patterns between the species. This study provides novel information that enhances our understanding of intraspecific and interspecific interactions of mammalian mesopredators. MATERIALS AND METHODSStudy area.-The study was conducted at the 7,462-ha Ames Plantation (Ames) located approximately 5 km northwest of Grand Junction in Fayette and Hardeman counties, Tennessee (UTM 3888064N, 298044E). Ames was owned and ope...

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“…Thus, interactions with coyotes appear to influence lynx more than availability of snowshoe hares, generally considered to be the limiting factor for lynx numbers. Similarly, coyotes compete with bobcats in various settings (Nunley 1978;Litvaitis and Harrison 1989). Interference competition (direct killing) of bobcats by coyotes has been documented by Anderson (1986), Jackson (1986), andToweill (1986), and coyotes have been implicated in bobcat declines in some areas.…”

Section: Competition With Coyotes and Wolvesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States

2000

Choice Reviews Online

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Once found throughout the Rocky Mountains and forests of the northern states, the lynx now hides in pockets of its former range while feeding mostly on small animals like snowshoe hares. A team of government and university scientists review the newest scientific knowledge of this unique cat's history, distribution, and ecology. The chapters on this web site provide information for current scientific and public debates regarding the fate of the lynx in the United States. Chapters look at the relationships among lynx, its habitat, and its prey. The attributes of northern versus southern lynx populations are compared and contrasted. The authors caution against making decisions without enough knowledge and show where we lack information. While the authors present the latest preliminary research results on lynx and offer some qualified insights into lynx management, the book's intent is to assess the current state of knowledge regarding lynx.Hard copies of the report will be available in late 1999 from the University Press of Colorado,

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Bobcat–coyote niche relationships during a period of coyote population increase

Cited by 107 publications

References 34 publications

Interspecific Killing among Mammalian Carnivores

Interspecific Killing among Mammalian Carnivores

Assessment of temporal partitioning in foraging patterns of syntopic Virginia opossums and raccoons

Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States

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