Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (iDILI) encompasses the unexpected harms that prescription and non-prescription drugs, herbal and dietary supplements can cause to the liver. iDILI remains a major public health problem and a major cause of drug attrition. Given the lack of biomarkers for iDILI prediction, diagnosis and prognosis, searching new models to predict and study mechanisms of iDILI is necessary. One of the major limitations of iDILI preclinical assessment has been the lack of correlation between the markers of hepatotoxicity in animal toxicological studies and clinically significant iDILI. Thus, major advances in the understanding of iDILI susceptibility and pathogenesis have come from the study of well-phenotyped iDILI patients. However, there are many gaps for explaining all the complexity of iDILI susceptibility and mechanisms. Therefore, there is a need to optimize preclinical human in vitro models to reduce the risk of iDILI during drug development. Here, the current experimental models and the future directions in iDILI modelling are thoroughly discussed, focusing on the human cellular models available to study the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease and the most used in vivo animal iDILI models. We also comment about in silico approaches and the increasing relevance of patient-derived cellular models.

No abstract

The use of lysed microalgae in the diet of carnivorous fish can increase the bioavailability of proteins and bioactive compounds, such as unsaturated fatty acids or vitamins in the digestive tract. These are essential molecules for the proper physiological development of fish in aquaculture. However, some antinutritional components and other undesirable molecules can be released from an excess of microalgae supplied, compromising the integrity of the intestine. The inclusion of small amounts of hydrolized microalgae in the fish diet can be a good strategy to avoid negative effects, improving the availability of beneficial compounds. Nannochloropsis gaditana is an interesting microalgae as it contains nutraceuticals. Previous studies reported beneficial effects after its inclusion in the diet of Sparus aurata, a widely cultured species in Europe and in all Mediterranean countries. However, administration of raw microalgae can produce intestinal inflammation, increased intestinal permeability, bacterial translocation and disturbance of digestion and absorption processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the intestinal microbiota and barrier stability of S. aurata fed with low inclusion (5%) hydrolysed N. gaditana. Intestinal microbiota was analyzed using Illumina MiSeq technology and libraries were constructed using variable regions V3–V4 of 16S rDNA molecules. Analysis were based in the identification, quantification and comparison of sequences. The predictive intestinal microbial functionality was analyzed with PICRUSt software. The results determined that the intestinal microbiota bacterial composition and the predictive intestinal microbiota functionality did not change statistically after the inclusion of N. gaditana on the diet. The study of gene expression showed that genes involved in intestinal permeability and integrity were not altered in fish treated with the experimental diet. The potential functionality and bacterial taxonomic composition of the intestinal microbiota, and the expression of integrity and permeability genes in the intestine of the carnivorous fish S. aurata were not affected by the inclusion of hydrolysed 5% N. gaditana microalgae.

Mass cytometry (CyTOF) is a relatively novel technique for the multiparametric analysis of single-cell features with an increasing central role in cell biology, immunology, pharmacology, and biomedicine. This technique mixes the fundamentals of flow cytometry with mass spectrometry and is mainly used for in-depth studies of the immune system and diseases with a significant immune load, such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and viral diseases like HIV or the recently emerged COVID-19, produced by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The objective of this study was to provide a useful insight into the evolution of the mass cytometry research field, revealing the knowledge structure (conceptual and social) and authors, countries, sources, documents, and organizations that have made the most significant contribution to its development. We retrieved 937 articles from the Web of Science (2010–2019), analysed 71 Highly Cited Papers (HCP) through the H-Classics methodology and computed the data by using Bibliometrix R package. HCP sources corresponded to high-impact journals, such as Nature Biotechnology and Cell, and its production was concentrated in the US, and specifically Stanford University, affiliation of the most relevant authors in the field. HCPs analysis confirmed great interest in the study of the immune system and complex data processing in the mass cytometry research field.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

El aula invertida es una metodología pedagógica centrada en conferir al alumnado un papel principal y activo en el proceso educativo. Esta metodología, bajo la supervisión de un docente, trata de que el estudiantado prepare los contenidos del temario fuera del aula para posteriormente llegar a clase y trabajar en él, resolviendo dudas, creando debates y promoviendo el desarrollo de un pensamiento crítico individual. En definitiva, esta metodología tiene como objetivo impulsar una dinámica activa realizando una serie de actividades que promuevan el desarrollo de las habilidades cognitivas y competencias clave necesarias, detalladas por el sistema educativo, para tener una formación académica y personal completa, flexible, adaptada a la diversidad e inclusiva. El aula invertida, junto a otras metodologías docentes innovadoras como la gamificación, realidad aumentada o el aprendizaje basado en problemas han surgido como una necesidad de contextualización del temario y de mejora de la calidad educativa. Entre alguna de sus ventajas descritas destacan el aumento de la participación en clase y por consiguiente un aumento de la motivación. Recientemente, debido a la pandemia por COVID-19 provocada por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, el aula invertida se ha visto en auge, ya que debido al impulso de las TICs (Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación) permite continuar con el proceso educativo de forma telemática. A pesar de este auge nadie ha estudiado el impacto de esta metodología en la literatura. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio ha sido proporcionar una visión útil de la evolución del campo de investigación en el aula invertida, revelando el tipo de publicaciones, los documentos altamente citados en esta área, las publicaciones que han servido de referencia para los autores más relevantes en este campo de investigación, las palabras clave, así como la estructura conceptual de este campo de investigación. De esta forma, este trabajo ofrece una aproximación al conocimiento del estado de desarrollo actual de la investigación sobre el aula invertida bajo la influencia de la pandemia por COVID-19.