The Empatica E3 is a wearable wireless multisensor device for real-time computerized biofeedback and data acquisition. The E3 has four embedded sensors: photoplethysmograph (PPG), electrodermal activity (EDA), 3-axis accelerometer, and temperature. It is small, light and comfortable and it is suitable for almost all real-life applications. The E3 operates both in streaming mode for real-time data processing using a Bluetooth low energy interface and in recording mode using its internal flash memory. With E3, it is possible to conduct research outside of the lab by acquiring continuous data for ambulatory situations in a comfortable and non-distracting way.
Running title: Wearable multimodal motor seizure detectors Onorati et al. 2 Summary Objective:New devices are needed for monitoring seizures, especially those associated with sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). They must be unobtrusive, automated and provide false alarm rates bearable in everyday life. This study quantifies the performance of new multimodal wrist-worn convulsive seizure detectors. Methods:Hand-annotated video-electroencephalography seizure events were collected from 69 patients at 6 clinical sites. Three different wristbands were used to record electrodermal activity (EDA) and accelerometer (ACM) signals, obtaining 5,928 hours of data, including 55 convulsive epileptic seizures (6 focal tonic-clonic seizures and 49 focal-to-bilateral-tonicclonic seizures) from 22 patients. Recordings were analyzed off-line to train and test two new machine learning classifiers and a published EDA and ACM-based classifier. Moreover, wristband data were analyzed to estimate seizure-motion duration and autonomic responses. Results:The two novel classifiers consistently outperformed the previous detector. The most efficient (Classifier III) yielded sensitivity of 94.55%, and false alarm rate (FAR) of 0.2 events/day.No nocturnal seizures were missed. Most patients had less than 1 false alarm every 4 days with FAR below their seizure frequency. When increasing the sensitivity to 100% (no missed seizures) the FAR is up to 13 times lower than the previous detector. Furthermore, all detections occurred before the seizure ended, providing reasonable latency (median: 29.3 s, range: 14.8-151 s). Automatically estimated seizure durations were correlated with true durations, enabling reliable annotations. Finally, EDA measurements confirmed the presence of post-ictal autonomic dysfunction, exhibiting a significant rise in 73% of the convulsive seizures. Onorati et al. 3 Significance:The proposed multimodal wrist-worn convulsive seizure detectors provide seizure counts that are more accurate than previous automated detectors and typical patient self-reports, while maintaining a tolerable FAR for ambulatory monitoring. Furthermore, the multimodal system provides an objective description of motor behaviour and autonomic dysfunction, aimed at enriching seizure characterization, with potential utility for SUDEP warning.
When factory inspectors first used the word "sweatshop" at the turn-of-the-last century, they sought to describe much more than the cramped garment workplaces where immigrants labored. They also tried to explain the social dangers posed by these workplaces. Inspectors relied on their sensory responses. Citing odors as evidence, inspectors united fears of poverty, pestilence, and promiscuity in their definition of the sweatshop. Clothing produced in filthy shops by diseased workers could infect consumers and male and female immigrants working in close quarters were becoming an enfeebled, immoral race. Workers eschewed the language of racial decline, but pointed to their weak bodies as evidence of the exploitative nature of the sweatshop.The subjectivity of definitions of the sweatshop presents a challenge, especially to public historians. How, in the process of exhibition and reconstruction, can public historians represent the competing moral judgments and racial, class, and gendered fears that shaped initial definitions of the sweatshop?
For models in which the constituents interact with vector couplings of strength g /4+-1, the energy scale A~for the contact interaction is measured to be greater than 1419. 0 GeV at the 95%%uo confidence level. %'e set limits on the production of supersymmetric scalar electrons through s-channel single-photon annihilation and t-channel inelastic scattering. Using events with two noncollinear electrons and no other charged or observed neutral particles in the final state, we see one event which is consistent with a simple supersymmetric model but which is also consistent with QED. This allows us to exclude the scalar electron to 95% confidence level in the mass range 1.8 to 14.2 GeV/c . 30515
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