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Our results from clinical samples in a developing country with a diverse culture suggest the crosscultural validity of the ADHD comorbidity profile.

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Objetive:The main objective of this study was to assess the interrater agreement for the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Epidemiological version for School-Age Children (K-SADS-E). Methods: Four interviewers being trained with the K-SADS-E scored independently 29 videotaped interviews performed with psychiatric outpatients in the ADHD Outpatient Clinic at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Interrater agreement analysis was performed using the kappa coefficient (k). Results: Kappa coefficients were .93 (p<.001) for affective disorders, .9 (p<.001) for anxiety disorders, .94 (p<.001) for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders and disruptive behavior disorders. Conclusion: These findings suggest an excellent interrater agreement for the diagnosis of several mental disorders in childhood and adolescence by the Brazilian Portuguese version of the K-SADS-E.K-SADS-E. Diagnosis. Diagnostic interview. Reliability. Agreement.Objetivos: Avaliar a concordância entre observadores da Entrevista Semi-Estruturada para Diagnóstico em Psiquiatria da Infância, versão epidemiológica (K-SADS-E). Métodos: Quatro observadores em fase final de treinamento na aplicação do instrumento K-SADS-E pontuaram independentemente 29 entrevistas, registradas em vídeo-tape, de pacientes ambulatoriais do Programa de Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Os resultados foram analisados pelo coeficiente de kappa (k). Resultados: Os coeficientes k foram 0,93 (p<0,001) para transtornos do humor, 0,9 (p<0,001) para transtornos de ansiedade e 0.94 (p<0,001) para transtornos de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade e do comportamento disruptivo. Conclusão: Os resultados demonstram uma excelente concordância entre observadores na formulação diagnóstica dos vários transtornos da infância e adolescência, por meio da versão em português da K-SADS-E. K-SADS-E. Diagnóstico. Entrevista diagnóstica. Confiabilidade. Concordância. Abstract Keywords ResumoDescritores ments in the field of child and adolescence psychiatry have this profile, such as the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia -epidemiological version (K-SADS-E), the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents (DICA) and the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (NIMH-DISC). The K-SADS-E, which has a Brazilian Portuguese translation currently used for clinical and researching purposes in our country, is the most used version of the K-SADS interview.1,2 The DICA is also a semistructured interview, mainly aimed at clinical and epidemiological research, based on the criteria of the International Clas-

The diagnosis of avoidant disorder was deleted from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders -fourth edition (DSM-IV) based on a 'committee decision' suggesting that avoidant disorder is part of the social phobia spectrum. The objective of the present study was to examine the nature of this clinical association in a referred sample of Brazilian children and adolescents. We assessed a referred sample of 375 youths using semi-structured diagnostic interview methodology. Demographic (age at admission to the study and sex) and clinical (level of impairment, age at onset of symptoms and pattern of comorbidity) data were assessed in subsamples of children with avoidant disorder (N = 7), social phobia (N = 26), and comorbidity between both disorders (N = 24). Although a significant difference in the male/female ratio was detected among groups (P = 0.03), none of the other clinical variables differed significantly among subjects that presented each condition separately or in combination. Most of the children with avoidant disorder fulfilled criteria for social phobia. Thus, our findings support the validity of the conceptualization of avoidant disorder as part of the social phobia spectrum in a clinical sample.

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