Agricultural use and management systems in tropical soils of the Brazilian Cerrado may directly influence its chemical properties, in the conventional cultivation systems with pastures or grains, as well as in areas with a crop-livestock-forest integration system. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the chemical attributes of the soil under different use and management systems. The research was carried out at Boa Vereda Farm, in the state of Goiás, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized with a 5 x 3 factorial arrangement divided into five production systems: (1) among the rows of Eucalyptus (CLFI), (2) within the rows of Eucalyptus (CLFI), (3) in conventional agricultural monoculture, (4) pasture, and (5) -natural Cerrado (control treatment). Samples were collected in three soil depths (0-0.5; 0.5-0.1 and 0.1-0.2 m), with four replicates each. Among the chemical properties of the soil studied, the organic matter, calcium, magnesium and potassium contents, base saturation, and cation exchange capacity, are higher in the soil with natural Cerrado. The area of agricultural monoculture showed the highest levels of phosphorus and copper, but has the lower levels of organic matter in the soil. The chemical properties of the soil were similar in the CLFI system, regardless of the evaluation point (within or among rows). The chemical properties of the soil evaluated were similar between the pasture cultivated in CLFI and the conventional system. Therefore, the land use and management system do not directly influence the chemical properties of the soils evaluated.

The crop-livestock-forest integration systems are a form of sustainable production, creating a consortium between the cultivation of crops and forest production and the creation of pastures for livestock breeding, seeking a synergy between the system components. Therefore, integrating agricultural crops with tree species provides countless benefits to the components, such as the maintenance and increase in nutrient cycling. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the biomass and nutritional stock of Brachiaria pasture and accumulated litter in a silvopastoral system with tree species of the Cerrado. Three silvopastoral systems, formed with the forage species Urochloa decumbens (Brachiaria) integrated with three tree species, namely Dipteryx alata (baru tree), Caryocar brasiliense (pequi) and Eugenia dysenterica (cagaita), were evaluated. Litter and pasture were collected in each system at different sample distances from the tree. The amount of biomass and the nutritional contents of both components were evaluated by chemical analysis. The largest amount Brachiaria pasture biomass and largest amount of litter was found in the silvopastoral system with baru trees. The pasture differed nutritionally. The pastures associated with baru trees and to pequis have higher amounts of macronutrients. There are nutritional differences with respect to the sampling positions.

A batata-doce é um alimento que se destaca como importante fonte de energia e fonte alternativa de carboidratos em substituição à grãos e outros tubérculos. O cultivo rudimentar, através da utilização de ramos para propagação diretamente a campo, é usual e pode, no entanto, ser responsável por um baixo índice de sobrevivência das brotações. Neste aspecto, objetivou-se definir a melhor técnica para obtenção de mudas em ambiente protegido através da utilização de diferentes substratos e níveis de enfolhamento das estacas de batata-doce. Foi empregado o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4 x 2, sendo quatro substratos (água, solução nutritiva, substrato turfoso saturado com água e substrato turfoso saturado com solução nutritiva) e dois tipos de estaca (folha inteira e meia folha), dispostos em quatro repetições. Avaliaram-se, primeiramente, o comprimento e o número de raízes nas brotações em cada tratamento. Posteriormente, foi avaliada a porcentagem de brotações emergidas, o número de folhas, a altura e o diâmetro das brotações, a massa seca de parte aérea e de raízes das brotações emergidas. Concluiu-se que a estaquia realizada diretamente em substrato turfoso com solução nutritiva utilizando estacas com folhas inteiras é uma alternativa de baixo custo e resulta em mudas de batata-doce com elevada qualidade.

El cultivo de Crambe abyssinica, es explotado comercialmente en Brasil, así la importancia de desarrollar estudios que posibiliten el perfeccionamiento de las técnicas involucradas en su producción. La plantación sobre restos culturales de diferentes especies de cobertura puede aumentar el desarrollo vegetativo y productivo del crambe. Así, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el desarrollo vegetativo y reproductivo del crambe cultivado sobre restos culturales de diferentes especies, en sucesión al cultivo de lechuga crespa. El delineamiento experimental utilizado fue en bloques al azar. Los tratamientos correspondieron a restos culturales de plantas de cobertura, siendo estas: crotalária (Crotalaria juncea), frijol guandu (Cajanus cajan), frijol de porco (Canavalia ensiformis), milheto (Pennisetum glaucum) y sorgo (Sorghum bicolor), además de un tratamiento control, con uso de vegetación espontánea. A los 49 días se evaluó altura de planta, diámetro de tallo, número de hojas, contenido relativo de clorofila, número de ramas laterales, masa seca y fresca de la parte aérea. Las variables productivas se evaluaron a los 95 días después de la siembra, obteniendo la masa de granos por planta, el peso hectolitro de los granos. Posteriormente fue estimada la productividad de cada tratamiento y el ingreso bruto. Se verificó que mantener los restos culturales de plantas de cobertura beneficia el desarrollo vegetativo de la cultura de crambe y no altera la productividad de los granos. Esta técnica aumenta el beneficio económico del cultivo, siendo recomendada durante el barbecho, en detrimento del manejo de plantas espontáneas.

The Brazilian production of persimmon expanded in recent years, mainly due to the high productivity of the culture. The persimmon fruit is originally from subtropical climate. However, new cultivation areas in tropical regions seem promising, especially altitude regions in the Brazilian savannah. In this context, the objective of this study was to assess production, productivity and fruit quality components of three cultivars of persimmon cultivated in tropical regions. The persimmon cultivars Pomelo, Guiombo and Rama Forte were evaluated in regards to the physical and chemical characteristics of fruits and productivity in two harvest seasons (190 days after pruning and 220 days after pruning). Fruits were obtained from twelve-year-old trees cultivated at the Rural Experimental Station of Anápolis -GO, planted at a spacing of 7 m x 5 m and grafted on common persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) trees. The cultivars showed reliable levels of productivity, especially Pomelo and Giombo. The cultivar Giombo was the most productive in the region with an average yield of 545 fruits per plant. However, the Giombo fruit had reduced mass (127 g), and were smaller compared to the other evaluated cultivars. Pomelo fruits have higher average fresh mass (224 g), even without standing out with maximum yield. The highest yields were obtained for Giombo and Pomelo cultivars (13.25 and 19.27 ton/ha, respectively). Harvest time influences fruit parameters. The fruit harvested 190 days after pruning exhibited higher SS contents and lower acidity when compared with the other fruit harvested 220 days after pruning, regardless of the cultivar. The fruits on the plant darken over time. The Pomelo cultivar tended to yellowing with the reduction of soluble solids. Rama Forte and Giombo tended to reddening with increasing SS. The fruits of the Giombo cultivar had a higher SS/TA ratio, thus demonstrating that they are tastier compared to the other cultivars. The cultivars Giombo and Pomelo should be prioritized when choosing based on plant production, without worrying about shape and fruit color characteristics.

Mangabeira (Hancornia speciosaGomes) and four natural drying periods (24, 48, 96 and 192 h after the seed pulping) were used in a factorial experiment. 60 days after in vitro culturing of the naked embryos, the following variables were evaluated: germination %, germination speed index (GSI), mean germination time (MGT), oxidation index, culture medium contamination index, length of the largest root, stem diameter, seedling height and number of live and dead leaves. The interaction between desiccation times and sucrose concentrations was not significant for any of the variables analyzed. Germination was influenced only by the desiccation time, being reduced after 106 hours of natural drying. Increasing concentrations of sucrose up to 60 g L -1 reduced GSI and seedling height. In contrast, leaf mortality decreased, which contributed to the production of seedlings with greater ability of acclimatization to field conditions.

Mimosa setosissima is a tree species, considered rare once its occurrence is restricted to the Cerrado biome. Studies on this species may contribute to its conservation. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the fruits (physically) and seeds (physiologically) of M. setosissima to provide supporting information for the commercial and conservational propagation of the species. The pods (n=200 fruits) of M. setosissima were collected from plants present in the Cerrado Rupestre of the Serra dos Pirineus State Park, Goiás, Brazil. The fruit were separated into two maturation classes regarding to the color and texture of the pods (brown and green). The pods of each maturity stage were characterized by the following attributes: fresh weight, length, width, thickness, number of seeds, number of normal and abnormal seeds (dead/rotten/damaged/broken). A germination test was used to evaluate the physiological potential of seeds. The germination test applied in a factorial (2 × 2) randomized design, with two fruit ripening stages (brown and green) and two substrates (between paper and paper roll and on paper in a gerbox) (temperature 25ºC; 12-hour photoperiod; humidity 75%). The morphobiometrics of M. setosissima fruit depends on the maturity stage, where an increased growth was observed in brown fruits. The substrate "between paper and paper roll" is more appropriate to conduct the germination test of seeds M. setosissima. Seeds coming from green pods have a physiological performance higher than that of brown seed pods.