Agricultural use and management systems in tropical soils of the Brazilian Cerrado may directly influence its chemical properties, in the conventional cultivation systems with pastures or grains, as well as in areas with a crop-livestock-forest integration system. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the chemical attributes of the soil under different use and management systems. The research was carried out at Boa Vereda Farm, in the state of Goiás, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized with a 5 x 3 factorial arrangement divided into five production systems: (1) among the rows of Eucalyptus (CLFI), (2) within the rows of Eucalyptus (CLFI), (3) in conventional agricultural monoculture, (4) pasture, and (5) -natural Cerrado (control treatment). Samples were collected in three soil depths (0-0.5; 0.5-0.1 and 0.1-0.2 m), with four replicates each. Among the chemical properties of the soil studied, the organic matter, calcium, magnesium and potassium contents, base saturation, and cation exchange capacity, are higher in the soil with natural Cerrado. The area of agricultural monoculture showed the highest levels of phosphorus and copper, but has the lower levels of organic matter in the soil. The chemical properties of the soil were similar in the CLFI system, regardless of the evaluation point (within or among rows). The chemical properties of the soil evaluated were similar between the pasture cultivated in CLFI and the conventional system. Therefore, the land use and management system do not directly influence the chemical properties of the soils evaluated.
IntroductionCompared with adults, adolescents in South Africa have larger gaps at each step of the HIV continuum of care resulting in low levels of viral suppression.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and modified Delphi analysis of interventions addressing the HIV continuum of care for adolescents in South Africa. We searched PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar and online conference proceedings from the International AIDS Society, the International AIDS Conference, and the Conference on Retrovirology and Opportunistic Infections from 1 January 2010 to 30 September 2020. We then conducted a modified Delphi analysis with 29 researchers involved in the National Institutes of Health’s Fogarty International-supported Adolescent HIV Implementation Science Alliance–South Africa to evaluate interventions for efficacy, feasibility and potential for scale-up.ResultsWe identified nine initial published articles containing interventions addressing the adolescent HIV continuum of care in South Africa, including five interventions focused on HIV diagnosis, two on antiretroviral therapy adherence and two on retention in care. No studies addressed linkage to care or transition from paediatric to adult care. Two studies discussed intervention costs. In-home and HIV self-testing, community-based adherence support, and provision of adolescent-friendly services were the most impactful and scalable interventions addressing the adolescent HIV continuum of care.ConclusionFuture interventions should work comprehensively across the adolescent HIV continuum of care and be tailored to the specific needs of adolescents.
Phenolamides in the Rachis of Palms: Components of the Defence Reaction of the Date‐palm towards Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. albedinis, the Causal agent of ‘Bayoud’
This is the first study showing evidence of the production of phenolic and phenolamidic compounds in date palm tissues in response to attack by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. albedinis (Foa), the causal agent of the wilt called bayoud. Marked quantitative and qualitative differences were recorded in the production of such compounds when infected and healthy rachis, were compared. In addition, localized accumulation of some compounds was detected when infected and healthy parts of the same rachis were analysed. Three induced hydroxycinnamoylamides were detected in high concentrations. They were isolated and tested for their toxicity against Foa. These compounds were shown to strongly inhibit conidial germination and germ tube growth of the pathogen and must be considered as phytoalexins. The role of amides in the date palm resistance to the bayoud is discussed.
O sistema integração lavoura – floresta vem sendo considerado inovador com alto potencial na recuperação de áreas degradadas. Porém seu impacto na qualidade do solo necessita de maiores estudos tornando imprescindível estabelecer indicadores adequados para detecção de mudanças na qualidade do solo. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo apresentar variáveis microbiológicas como indicadoras de qualidade no sistema agroflorestal. O experimento foi realizado na fazenda experimental da Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Câmpus Ipameri. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo estas: área com sistema agroflorestal (SAF) que possui renques do híbrido de Eucalyptus grandis “GG100” dispostos em fileiras duplas (3 m x 2 m x 17 m), com 65 meses de idade cultivada com soja sob plantio direto, área de mata nativa (MN), onde é estabelecida uma vegetaçã
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