The present paper presents the steps taken by the authors in the first stage of an experimental program within a larger national research project whose objective is to characterize the flow through a femoral artery bypass with a view to finding solutions for its optimization. The objective of the stage is to investigate by means of the PIV method the stationary flow through a bypass model with an idealized geometry. A bypass assembly which reunites the idealized geometry models of the proximal and distal anastomoses, and which respects the lengths of a femoral artery bypass was constructed on the basis of data for a real patient provided by medical investigations. With the aim of testing the model and the established experimental set-up with regard to their suitability for the assessment of the velocity field associated to the steady flow through the bypass, three zones that can restore the whole distal anastomosis were PIV investigated. The measurements were taken in the conditions of maintained inflow at the bypass entry of 0.9 l / min (Re = 600). The article presents comparatively the flow spectra and the velocity fields for each zone obtained in two situations: with the femoral artery completely occluded and completely open.
The paper presents the state of the art for thermal energy accumulators using the latent heat phase change usable in cars with either internal combustion engine or electric. The new materials with high storage capacity are presented and the most important achievements in this field of thermal energy storage on vehicles. The case study presented in the paper brings some information necessary for the development of thermal accumulators, with phase change materials, showing the important parameters and characteristics and what values they must have (e.g.: required and accumulated energy; charging and discharging time; latent heat, geometric characteristics). The paper presents a possible classification of these types of batteries, thus facilitating the development of products specific to the applications in which they are included. The work will continue with numerical and experimental studies on models developed based on the case study described here. If at present, in the case of electric cars, a reduction of approx. 20% of electricity was obtained by implementing thermal batteries with phase change material, then studies or research become necessary to accelerate their development on an industrial scale in competitive economic conditions.
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