Objective: To evaluate the safety of a pomegranate seeds ethanolic extract in Swiss webster mice. Material and Methods: Pomegranate seed's ethanolic extracts were evaluated for minimum inhibitory concentration against streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10556, using microdilution method through 96-wells microplate. In acute toxicity test, 12 females and 12 males Swiss Webster mice weighing 20-30 grams were divided into four groups, each consisting of 3 females and 3 males. Three groups were orally given of sample with concentrations 0.2% equivalent to 40 mg/kg, 0.4% equivalent to 80 mg/kg, and 0.8% equivalent to 160 mg/kg, while the control group was given distilled water. Observations were made at 30, 60 and 90 minutes, for 24 hours and 7 days. Results: The MIC against streptococcus sanguis was on 2000 ppm concentration and until 24 hours observation no lethal effect occurred on the mice, but at the 7 days observation in the group of 0.8% per kilogram body weight, the lethal effect occurred at one mice. Conclusion:The ethanolic extract of pomegranate seeds has antibacterial effect and no acute systemic toxicity, which can be considered safe on the use as oral topical solution since the toxic dose is greater than 160 mg/kg of body weight.Keywords: Pomegranate, Ethanolic extract, Acute systemic toxicity Cite this Article: Setiadhi, R., Sufiawati, I., Zakiawati, D., Nur'aeny, N., Hidayat, W., Firman, D.R. 2017. Evaluation of antibacterial activity and acute toxicity of pomegranate (punica granatum l.) seed ethanolic extracts in swiss webster mice.
Objective: Pomegranate (punica granatum L.) seeds contain high of phytonutrients and phytochemicals, rich in polyphenol antioxidants namely tannins and flavonoids which also have antibacterial activity. Streptococcus sanguis is a bacterium known as one of the factors causing Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS). To examine the potential antibacterial of pomegranate seeds against S. sanguis. Material and Methods:In vitro study of pomegranate seed were extracted with maceration method using 70% ethanol as the solvent to obtain stable extract, continued with phytochemical screening against phenolic, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, triterpenoid, saponins and tannins.
Kemudahan reservasi di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan dapat berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kepuasan pasien. Sejalan dengan perkembangan teknnologi, saat ini masyarakat sudah sangat terbiasa menggunakan smartphone untuk berbagai aktivitas termasuk mengakses layana kesehatan. Berdasarkan situasi tersebut, dalam rangka upaya peningkatan kepuasan pasien di RSGM Universitas Padjadjaran, maka terdapat peluang untuk mengembangkan aplikasi reservasi daring. Pengembangan prototipe berbasis user centered design menjaga pengembangan untuk terus sesuai dengan kebutuhan target pengguna RSGM Universitas Padjadjaran. Berdasarkan hasil uji coba, prototipe yang dikembangkan memiliki tingkat usabilitas yang sangat baik terutama untuk aspek efektivitas serta efisiensi, respon waktu, kepuasan dan kemudahan dalam penggunaannya. Secara keseluruhan, prototipe ini memenuhi kualitas baik untuk digunakan dengan nilai rata-rata skala Likert 3,80 untuk tujuh aspek uji usabilitas
Objective: To examine the antimicrobial activity of pomegranate seed using a time-kill-assay by measuring the number of bacteria left at a various time points after exposure to the substance. Material and Methods: Pomegranate seeds were extracted by a maceration method using 70% ethanol as the solvent. The extract was evaluated for minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration against streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10556, using a microdilution method. The concentration used in time-killassay were 2 to 4 times MBC value and 48 hours incubation time as the initial value. Correlation of the concentration and time duration using semi-log graph, i.e. the x-axis as time duration with variation interval of 30, 60 and 90-seconds. Y-axis is the logarithmic value of the bacterial colonies number. Results: Bacteriostatic effect was observed at 4000 ppm concentration at 30, 60 and 90-seconds time intervals. The bactericidal effect was observed at 8000 ppm of concentration at the 90-second time interval, whereas 30 and 60-seconds remained bacteriostatic. Conclusion: The pomegranate seeds ethanolic extract is considered as antibacterial with a concentration-dependent category.
Background: the ability to mentally manipulate 3D objects and understanding the relationships between structures is essential in many fields of medical and dental specialties. This scoping review of the literature on spatial ability in medical and dental education was conducted to provide a map of the literature and identify where gaps still exist for future research.Methods: the study was conducted using a scoping review method with guidelines from the Arksey and O'Malley framework to identify literatures related to the research topic. Searches was performed from February to May 2021 in PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL and Google Scholar using keywords related to spatial ability, medical education and dental education. Literatures was also identified using snowballing technique. PRISMA-ScR analysis for study selection was performed.Results: fifteen articles were selected for review. Spatial ability correlates with performance in studying anatomical knowledge of medicine and dentistry, and surgery. 3D anatomical models are more effective when conveying complex spatial relationships than traditional 2D models. The Mental Rotation Test (MRT) is the most widely used test for measuring spatial abilities. The results of the measurement of spatial ability showed the superiority of males over females.Conclusion: spatial ability and learning in medical and dental education provide mutual benefits for both aspects. Additional spatial abilities module may be added to medical and dental education curricula to improve learning success
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.