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The first synthesis of pentoxide vanadium (V2O5) as gel completed 135 years in 2020. Since its first synthesis, the V2O5 has attracted attention over the years in different areas in science and technology. There are several possibilities to obtain V2O5 resulting in different structures. Among these methods, it is possible to mention the sol–gel, hydrothermal/solvothermal synthesis, electrospinning, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), template-based methods, reverse micelle techniques, Pechini method and electrochemical deposition that can be considered as the great asset for its varied structures and properties. Progress towards obtaining of different structures of V2O5, and phases have been resulted in lamellar structure with wide interlayer spacing, good chemical and thermal stability and thermoelectric and electrochromic properties. Throughout this advancement, its performance for industrial applications have made a strong candidate in electrochromic devices, photovoltaic cell, reversible cathode materials for Li batteries, supercapacitor, among others. This chapter will be to assist an updated review since the first synthesis up to current development.

In this work, we investigated the elimination of phenol from aqueous acidic solutions by electrochemical oxidation at Ti/Ru 0.3 Pb ͑0.7−x͒ Ti x O y oxide electrodes. The process was studied by carrying cyclic voltammetry ͑CV͒ and electrolysis experiments in acidic media ͑HClO 4 0.1 mol L −1 ͒ as a function of the electrode composition. CV in the presence of phenol showed that the electrocatalytic response of the electrode increases with increasing the Pb content. Large phenol degradation was obtained with the introduction of PbO x . The Pb-free composition ͑Ti/Ru 0.3 Ti 0.7 O 2 ͒ led to the lowest performance for phenol degradation. Highpressure liquid chromatography and total organic carbon techniques were used in order to quantify electrode efficiency. The formation of benzoquinone as well as of some aliphatic acids was observed. Electrodes with nominal composition Ti/Ru 0.3 Pb 0.5 Ti 0.2 O 2 and Ti/Ru 0.3 Pb 0.7 O 2 provided optimum response for phenol oxidation at the end of the electrolysis investigation ͑5 h͒, with high yields of total organic-carbon reduction.

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