Vanadium Pentoxide (V₂O₅): Their Obtaining Methods and Wide Applications

Abstract

The first synthesis of pentoxide vanadium (V2O5) as gel completed 135 years in 2020. Since its first synthesis, the V2O5 has attracted attention over the years in different areas in science and technology. There are several possibilities to obtain V2O5 resulting in different structures. Among these methods, it is possible to mention the sol–gel, hydrothermal/solvothermal synthesis, electrospinning, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), template-based methods, reverse micelle techniques, Pechini method and electrochemical deposition that can be considered as the great asset for its varied structures and properties. Progress towards obtaining of different structures of V2O5, and phases have been resulted in lamellar structure with wide interlayer spacing, good chemical and thermal stability and thermoelectric and electrochromic properties. Throughout this advancement, its performance for industrial applications have made a strong candidate in electrochromic devices, photovoltaic cell, reversible cathode materials for Li batteries, supercapacitor, among others. This chapter will be to assist an updated review since the first synthesis up to current development.

Effects of Dopants and Processing Parameters on the Properties of ZnO-V2O5-Based Varistors Prepared by Powder Metallurgy: A Review

“…V 2 O 5 exhibits multiple polymorphic phases (α, β, γ, δ, β′ or ζ, γ’, δ′, ρ′, and ε′), from which the α phase is the most thermodynamically stable and commercialized phase [ 134 ]. Detailed information on the polymorphs of V 2 O 5 is reported in references [ 134 , 135 , 136 ]. The metastable states of V 2 O 5 result from the preparation conditions (temperature and pressure), along with a few limitations (surface confinement, tensile/compressive stress, electrochemical intercalation/deintercalation (reversible), etc.).…”

Life cycle assessment (LCA) for flow batteries: A review of methodological decisions

“…The production of the vanadium-based electrolyte is a key issue as vanadium is a competitive ingredient in other industrial products. Vanadium titano-magnetite (VTM), which contains between 0.2 and 2 % of vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ) [25], is the most used mineral − 88% of the V production is from titano-magnetite according to Volkov, et al [26], with China (52%), South Africa (26%) and Russia (19%) being the main producers [27,28]. A summary of the main stages for the production of V 2 O 5 from VTM is proposed based on the detailed description of the series of complex processes, which can be found in [25,29,30,31].…”

“…However, it must be taken into account that few of the papers even mention the origin of the vanadium pentoxide (China, South Africa and Russia being the main producers from ore [27,28]) or the essential intermediate for the electrolyte. The exception is the work of Weber et al [14] who describes the location and processing of the vanadium pentoxide.…”

Review on Sol-Gel Synthesis of Perovskite and Oxide Nanomaterials

“…Many guest molecules can be reversibly intercalated in the oxide layers under soft chemical reactions [ 58 ]. Which, in turn, induces structural changes on the vanadium oxides and different shapes and morphologies can be obtained [ 59 ]. Under hydrothermal treatment, novel structures have been reported.…”