Introduction: Occupational contact dermatitis can be interpreted as a health problem on the skin caused by exogenous and endogenous factors related to work. Electroplating is one of high-risk jobs that caused occupational contact dermatitis because of direct contact with chemicals during working. In addition, contact dermatitis is also affected by individual factors of each worker. This research purpose was to identify the relationship among endogenous factors and the occupational contact dermatitis case in metal coating workers in home industry. Method: The research design used was observational with a cross sectional approach. The total population was used as the sampling technique in this study with a total of 28 workers from two metal coating industries in Durungbanjar Village consisting 13 workers from CV. M and 15 workers from CV. N. The data were obtained from the survey, sighting, and medical record notes. Variables from the study included age, working period, history of illness, and personal hygiene. The data were processed using the coefficient contingency test. Result: There were 64.3% of electroplating workers experienced contact dermatitis. The age aspect has a weak relationship (c = 0.295), the working period element has a weak relationship (c = 0.298), the disease history factor has a weak relationship (c = 0.352) and the individual hygiene factor has a strong relationship (c = 0.547). Conclusion: The endogenous factors including age, working period, history of disease, and personal hygiene affect contact dermatitis case. There is a strong relationship between personal hygiene and contact dermatitis cases in metal coating workers. The worse personal hygiene of the workers, the higher risk of workers experiencing contact dermatitis. Age, working period, and history of disease had weak relationship with contact dermatitis case.Keywords: contact dermatitis, endogenous factors, metal coatings
Introduction: Occupational contact dermatitis is defined as a skin disorder that occurs after work and caused by work process. Electroplating is one of the jobs which has high contact dermatitis risk because there are irritant chemicals such as nickel and chromium. This study aimed to identify the relationship between risk factors for occupational-induced contact dermatitis and electroplaters at CV. X and CV. Y, Durungbanjar Village, Sidoarjo District. Method: This research was an observational study using cross-sectional approach. The sample was a total population of 28 people, consisting of 13 electroplaters at CV. X and 15 electroplaters at CV. Y in Durungbanjar Village. The study was conducted in November - May 2019. Data were collected using questionnaires, observations and medical record sheets. The variables in this study were contact duration, contact frequency, type of work and the use of personal protective equipment. Result: Result showed that 64.3% of electroplaters suffered from contact dermatitis. Contact duration factor had a very strong correlation of c = 0.764, contact frequency factor had a strong correlation of c = 0.710, type of work had strong correlation of c = 0.616, personal hygiene factor had strong correlation of c = 0.547 and the use of personal protective equipment also had strong correlation of c = 0.545. Conclusion: There is a very strong correlation between contact duration and contact dermatitis. Contact frequency, type of work and the use of personal protective equipment had strong correlation to contact dermatitis among electroplaters. The higher contact duration and frequency with irritant substances among the electroplaters, the higher the increase of the risk of contact dermatitis among the electroplaters. Some occupational efforts and recommendations can be made to reduce the risk of contact dermatitis. Keywords: contact dermatitis, electroplating, risk factors
Background One of the ongoing outbreaks is the SARS-COV2 with clinical manifestations are dominated by pulmonary symptoms. However, some patients have reported mild to severe cardiovascular damage1. Case Summary We report a 26-year-old male with confirmed Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19), who has manifestation of perimyocarditis. Diagnosis was built through clinical symptoms of fever, dyspnea, with ST elevation and PR depression on ECG, and an increase of hs-Troponin I and NT-Pro-BNP. There appeared to be a pericardial effusion on echocardiography, and an increase number of cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) during the infection. All of the perimyocarditis parameters improved when symptoms are decrease meanwhile laboratory showing improvement of inflammatory parameters (CRP, D-Dimer). Discussion Acute perimyocarditis is a reported cardiac complication of COVID-191. COVID-19 perimyocarditis associated with pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade2. Electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities commonly seen with pericarditis, such as ST elevation and PR depression, may be observed in myocarditis3. Many COVID-19 patients were reported to have a detectable level of cardiac-Troponin-I as a result of oxygen supply–demand mismatch, which could precipitate ischemia that results in type 2 myocardial infarction. NT-pro-BNP level also could increase secondary to myocardial stress, a possible knock-on effect from severe respiratory illness4.
Benzene is a liquid aromatic hydrocarbon compound that is clear, colorless, flammable, and volatile. High concentrations of benzene in the body through inhalation can cause health problems. The purpose of this study is to determine the safe concentration of benzene exposure (C6H6) in Jakarta Kebon Jeruk toll gate keeper. Toll gate keepers are vulnerable to exposure to benzene compounds in the air. 20 toll gate keeper who are divided into toll gate 1 and toll gate 2 were population in the study. The sample technique used total population sampling. The present study used quantitative data analysis manually calculated through the calculation of safe concentration in the environmental toxicology concept. Safe concentration data on Jakarta Kebon Jeruk toll gate keeper were based on data from rat experimental animals, experimental body surface, workers' characteristics of body weight, body height, body surface area, breathing rate and working duration. In addition, data on benzene concentration, animal km, human km, NOAEL and safe limits for toxin doses were also used. The average measurement results of benzene concentration in the air entering the body of workers through inhalation was 0.00167 mg/m 3 (0.0052 ppm). This value is lower than benzene threshold according to the Minister of Manpower Regulation Number 5 of 2018 of 0.5 ppm. 6 The safe concentration of benzene calculated was 0.0875 mg/m 3 (0.0273 ppm). Based on the calculation of safe concentration, the concentration of benzene in the environment of the Kebon Jeruk toll gate keeper indicated safe.
Background One of the ongoing outbreaks is the SARS-COV2 with clinical manifestations are dominated by pulmonary symptoms. However, some patients have reported mild to severe cardiovascular damage1. Case Summary We report a 26-year-old male with confirmed Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19), who has manifestation of perimyocarditis. Diagnosis was built through clinical symptoms of fever, dyspnea, with ST elevation and PR depression on ECG, and an increase of hs-Troponin I and NT-Pro-BNP. There appeared to be a pericardial effusion on echocardiography, and an increase number of cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) during the infection. All of the perimyocarditis parameters improved when symptoms are decrease meanwhile laboratory showing improvement of inflammatory parameters (CRP, D-Dimer). Discussion Acute perimyocarditis is a reported cardiac complication of COVID-191. COVID-19 perimyocarditis associated with pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade2. Electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities commonly seen with pericarditis, such as ST elevation and PR depression, may be observed in myocarditis3. Many COVID-19 patients were reported to have a detectable level of cardiac-Troponin-I as a result of oxygen supply–demand mismatch, which could precipitate ischemia that results in type 2 myocardial infarction. NT-pro-BNP level also could increase secondary to myocardial stress, a possible knock-on effect from severe respiratory illness4.
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