Fatigue is a subjective feeling that different for everyone, which leads to loss of efficiency, decreases work capacity, health problem and the body's ability to survive resulting in work accident. The purpose of this research was examining the factors associated with subjective work fatigue on nurses working in dr. Mohamad Soewandhie hospital in Surabaya.This research was an observational study with cross sectional design. The respondents were nurses of emergency, outpatient, and inpatient units in dr.Mohamad Soewandhie hospital. The variables were individual factors were consisting of age, years of working life, nutritional status, gender, and occupational factors were consisting of the workload and the monotony condition of work toward work fatigue. Spearman correlation test was using to test the relationship of each factors, except the relationship of gender and the monotony condition were using  Mann-Whitney.The results showed that the most of the respondentss were 25-30 years old, female, 1-10 years of working life, had better nutritional status, had a moderate heavy workload and felt the monotony condition in her work. The result of fatigue measurement used the checklist which indicated that the most of the respondents experienced no relationship between age, gender, years of working life, workload, and the monotony condition the results also proved the existence of a relationship between nutritional status with p=0,00. It could be concluded that the nutritional status of nurse in dr.Mohamad Soewandhie hospital had a risk of causing fatigue.  Keywords: Individual factors, occupational factors, and work fatigue

Health status of workers are crucial to maintain their productivity and it will impact on output per capita. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition and health intervention in workplace setting and implication for further research. Articles were searched from PubMed, PMC, Cochrane Library (Trial), Science-direct, and Google scholar published from 2005-2020. Inclusion criteria was the intervention subject aged 19-64 years old with experimental randomized control trial (RCT) or non-RCT study design. Several keywords used for literature searching including “nutrition education in workplace”, “nutrition intervention in workplace”, and “workplace intervention”. Data were narratively described. Eleven studies were meet inclusion and exclusion criteria and further be reviewed. Five studies focused on intervene food environment in the workplace, four studies focused on nutrition education using different channels i.e., workplace visiting and emails, the other two interventions were objected to decrease health risk regarding occupational health. Positive outcomes were recorded for all workplace intervention, including increase in nutrition knowledge, self-efficacy, reduce risky behavior, and also improved body mass index and blood biomarkers. Workplace nutrition and health intervention proved to be an effective way to enhanced balanced nutrition behavior and improve health status. This study implies an urgency of nutrition and health intervention in a workplace.

BACKGROUND: Chemicals that enter the body, especially benzene, will undergo a detoxification process. Unfortunately, at the detoxification process, sometimes benzene can produce free radicals. Free radical oxidation of lipids produces MDA compounds (malondialdehyde). To overcome these free radicals, the body will adapt to produce Glutathione (GSH) enzymes. AIM: The purpose of this study was to analyse the relationship between benzene concentration, MDA levels and glutathione enzymes in Shoe-Maker Home Industry workers exposed to benzene for more than 10 years. METHODS: Measurement of benzene concentration using a gas chromatography-flame ionisation detector (GC-FID). MDA levels used a modified spectrophotometric and GSH method of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test. RESULT: The results showed that the majority of respondents had benzene concentrations still below the TLV value, mean of MDA levels were 6.94 mg/ml, while GSH was 4.54 mg/ml. Benzene concentration did not have a significant correlation with MDA and glutathione levels, whereas MDA levels had a strong correlation with glutathione levels (p = 0.000; r = -0.947). CONCLUSION: Workers should always use PPE and always eat foods that contain lots of glutathione enzymes such as spinach or broccoli to reduce the impact of free radicals from benzene inhalation.

Traffic-related air pollutants (TRAPs) are currently increasing due to the increment of vehicle numbers in Malaysia. The emission of pollutants from these vehicles have genotoxic properties that can potentially induce genetic damage in human. In this study, micronuclei assay is used to determine the potential genotoxic exposure by assessing the presence of micronuclei frequency (MN) in buccal cells. The specific objective of this study is to determine the association between TRAPs and frequency of MN among school children in Klang Valley. A comparative crosssectional study was conducted among primary school children (9-11 years old) in high-density traffic area (n=94, Kuala Lumpur) and low-density traffic area (n=94, Hulu Langat). A questionnaire was distributed to the parents to obtain respiratory symptoms information. Buccal cells were analyzed to determine the frequency of micronuclei. Air quality assessment was carried out in a total of 6 schools (consisted of exposed and comparative groups) by using TSI DustTrak DRX Aerosol Monitor 8534 for measurement of PM2.5 and PM10, LaMotte's Model BD Air Sampling Pump for measurement of Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and Sulphur dioxide (SO2), ppbRAE 3000 for total Volatile Organic Compound (TVOC) and TSI Q-TRAK 7565 for measurement of Carbon dioxide (CO2) and Carbon monoxide (CO). The concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, TVOC and CO at exposed schools were significantly higher (p<0.005). compared to those in comparative schools. All pollutants were significantly associated (p<0.001) with respiratory symptom phlegm and MN frequency. Additionally, the MN frequency in the exposed group was significantly higher (p<0.001) than in the comparative group. All in all, this study demonstrated that air pollutants, especially NO2 and CO, have significantly influenced the MN frequency among children in primary schools. This study suggested that exposure to TRAPs among Malaysian school children has increased the risk for respiratory complications with the formation of MN.

Dust exposure received by workers can affect workers’s pulmonary function and health condition affected by many factors. This observation conducted on construction. The purpose of this research was identify description about pulmonary function and smoking habit at construction workers. Researcher used cross sectional study. The sample of this research was total population of finishing workers as much as 18 workers who doing construction project in Surabaya . Measurement of dust concentration conducted on three poin, by source of the dust, where workers are working and the outmost point. Research used questionnaires, measurement and inspection. The result of pulmonary function showed that six workers had lung function disorder. Pulmonary function measurement at workers used FEV1 and FVC to be the parameter. The result of measurement on point A is 1.6865 mg/m3, on point B is 1.3227 mg/m3 and on point C is 1.0625 mg/m3. Many workers complained that they felt cough in the morning and suffered about eyes irritation. Based on the result of pulmonary function measurement, the conclution is 4 workers had light obstruction and 2 workers had light restriction. Based on measurement, the average of total dust in the project area is 1.3425 mg/m3. Lung function disorder caused by smoking habit. The workers could stop smoking habit and reduce amount.Keywords: pulmonary function, dust, smoking, construction