At a minimum of 2-year follow-up, adolescents with Lenke 5C curves demonstrated statistically significantly better curve correction, less loss of correction over time, and shorter hospital stays when treated with a posterior release with pedicle screw instrumented fusion compared with an anterior instrumented fusion with dual rods for similar patient populations.
This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the impact of age and gender on 4 measures of grip and pinch force of well elderly community dwellers and to provide normative values. The hypotheses were that age and gender affect pinch and grip force and that these 2 factors might interact. Hand strength of 224 seniors 65–92 years old was tested. Grip and pinch force decreased in successively older age groups past 65 years. Men’s grip force exceeded that of women in all age groups. Men’s hand-force decline was steeper than that of women over successive age groups, suggesting that gender differences in force decreased with age. Trends were the same for all 4 types of grip- and pinch-force measurement but were most clearly visible in grip and key-pinch force. Norms were provided for seniors age 65–85+ years in 5-yr increments.
Standard 3.5 mm screws can be used for OC and upper cervical instabilities in children aged between 2 and 6 years. Some anchor points appeared safer compared with others. The occipital keel, C1 lateral mass, and C2 laminae offered adequate space for screw placement in almost all cases. C2 pedicles offered adequate space in 49 sides and barely adequate space in 25 pedicles. Transarticular screws could be safely placed in only 4 of 100 sides. Close radiographic assessment of the vertebral artery course and bony architecture are recommended before surgery in pediatric patients with OC and upper cervical instability.
At a minimum of 2 years' follow-up in a multicenter, matched case analysis, adolescents with Lenke 5C curves demonstrated statistically significantly better curve correction and shorter hospital stays when treated with a posterior release with pedicle screw instrumented fusion compared with an anterior instrumented fusion with dual rods for similar patient populations.
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