This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the impact of age and gender on 4 measures of grip and pinch force of well elderly community dwellers and to provide normative values. The hypotheses were that age and gender affect pinch and grip force and that these 2 factors might interact. Hand strength of 224 seniors 65–92 years old was tested. Grip and pinch force decreased in successively older age groups past 65 years. Men’s grip force exceeded that of women in all age groups. Men’s hand-force decline was steeper than that of women over successive age groups, suggesting that gender differences in force decreased with age. Trends were the same for all 4 types of grip- and pinch-force measurement but were most clearly visible in grip and key-pinch force. Norms were provided for seniors age 65–85+ years in 5-yr increments.
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The purpose of our study was to determine the reliability of the model PC5030PT computerized Jamar dynamometer (J. A. Preston, Jackson, MI). A test-retest reliability study was conducted in which 33 normal subjects were tested three times over a 6-week period. Standard procedures for assessing grip strength were followed. Both left and right hands were tested. We quantified three characteristics of the force curve: (a) the slope of the rise in force, (b) the maximal or peak force, and (c) the mean sustained force over the last 3 sec of a 5-sec contraction. Reliability was good with intraclass reliability coefficients ranging from .84 to .93. We conclude that the computerized Jamar will yield reliable measurement of grip strength if the instrument is calibrated properly and if standardized procedures for grip strength testing are followed.
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