No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

This paper reviews the current state of knowledge regarding sources of anthropogenic mercury emission in Poland for the year 2005 and presents projection of mercury emission in perspective to the year 2020. These projections are treated separately as emissions from by-product sources and from product use since abatement strategies for these two source categories are very different. Emission projections until the year 2020 were prepared for: Status Quo scenario, Extended Emission Control scenario (EXEC) as well as for Maximum Feasible Technical Reduction scenario (MFTR). The general results were that Hg emission in Status Quo scenario, where no further action is taken to reduce mercury emission is predicted to rise between 2005 and 2020 for by-product sources, as a consequence of growing production of industrial goods and the consumption of raw materials, and is expected to be at the same level for the year 2020 for product use sources in comparison to the base year 2005, where no changes in consumption model were assumed. For EXEC and MFTR scenarios, assuming implementation of efficient control devices and changes in consumption model, decrease of mercury emission from by-product sources is expected between 2005 and 2020. Emission from mercury use in products for these scenarios is also predicted to decrease as a result of drop in mercury consumption. This paper presents also the social benefits for Poland result from Hg emission reduction and considered separately for ingestion and inhalation pathway. The costs and the social benefits related to the reduction of the heavy metals and PM2.5 are also presented.

Górnośląskie Przedsiębiorstwo Wodociągów (GPW S.A.) jest największym systemem zaopatrzenia w wodę w Polsce z 11 stacjami uzdatniania wody i 3 mln konsumentów. Jednak system ten jest stopniowo rozmontowywany. Lokalne przedsiębiorstwa wodno-kanalizacyjne rozbudowują własne ujęcia wody lub importują wodę z Czech, traktując system GPW S.A. tylko jako źródło rezerwowe. Jest to efekt wzrastających kosztów jednostkowych wody dostarczanej przez GPW S.A.Koszty te cześciowo są związane z utrzymywaniem zbiorników przeciwpowodziowych oraz dodatkowymipodatkami. Zakład Uzdatniania Wody Goczałkowice jest głównym, najnowocześniejszym i najtańszym producentem wody w systemie GPW S.A. Wobec tego całkowita rezygnacja z poboru wody z tego źródła jest mało realna. Jednakże ograniczenie poboru wody z zakładu Goczałkowice zmniejszyłoby konkurencyjność tej stacji w wyniku wzrostu średnich kosztów stałych. Bardziej racjonalne byłoby ograniczenie produkcji w innych stacjach uzdatniania wody. Ponadto, ze względu na spływ grawitacyjny, pobór wody z Soły przez zakład Goczałkowice jest bardziej opłacalny niż pobór z innych źródeł.

Abstract. In areas of urban infrastructure, ponds play an important role. They are places of rest and recreation, and they facilitate contact between city dwellers and the aquatic environment. They are also a place for living waterflow and ichthyofauna. Urban ponds are susceptible to anthropogenic influences, and their self-cleaning capacity is limited due to their small size. The city of Słupsk is located in northern Poland. Coal combustion in domestic boilers and transport cause dust emissions to be released into the atmosphere. The concentration of particulate matter and heavy metals in PM10 in Słupsk is much higher than in neighbouring village Gać. This affects metals deposition from the atmosphere. Two urban ponds in Słupsk were the object of the research. Sampling station No. 1 was located in the southern part of the Raj Pond situated deep into the forest area, a considerable distance from urban buildings. Sampling station No. 2 was located at the Juniorów Pond located near the city centre. Water samples were taken from a depth of 10 cm. To investigate the deposition from the atmosphere, atmospheric precipitation was collected in a collector located in the city of Słupsk. The concentrations of Li, Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Se, As, V, Sr, Cd and Pb were analyzed in the obtained water samples. Measurements were made using an ICP-MS mass spectrometer. From the obtained results, it was observed that the concentrations of Li, Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Se, Sr and Cd were higher at station No. 2 located near the city centre.