“…The natural factors include land use/land cover types, soil types, meteorological, geological, hydrological conditions, and etc. The anthropogenic factors include emissions from various pollution sources, the operating pollutant removal facilities, and the implemented best management practices (Lepisto et al, 2006;Pastuszak et al, 2014;Gallo et al, 2015). The various rates, frequencies, and locations of N discharge as well as the diverse influencing factors of N transport and transformation make it very challenging to quantify each pollution source's N load contributions, especially in those river basins with complex pollution sources but limited data on pollution sources and N concentrations in water environment.…”