Nature has provided therapeutic substances for millennia, with many valuable medications derived from plant sources. Multitarget drugs become essential in the management of various disorders including hepatic disorders, neurological disorders, diabetes, and carcinomas. Ferulic acid is a significant potential therapeutic agent, which is easily available at low cost, possesses a low toxicity profile, and has minimum side effects. Ferulic acid exhibits various therapeutic actions by modulation of various signal transduction pathways such as Nrf2, p38, and mTOR. The actions exhibited by ferulic acid include anti-apoptosis, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticarcinogenic, hepatoprotection, cardioprotection, activation of transcriptional factors, expression of genes, regulation of enzyme activity, and neuroprotection, which further help in treating various pathophysiological conditions such as cancer, skin diseases, brain disorders, diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, hypoxia, hepatic disorders, H1N1 flu, and viral infections. The current review focuses on the significance of natural products as sources of multitarget compounds and a primary focus has been made on ferulic acid and its mechanism, role, and protective action in various ailments.
: Efficacious treatment for breast cancer is still a challenge despite the presence of various treatment options. Aromatase enzyme present in the breast tissue is responsible for estrogen formation from androgens. Aromatase inhibitors manifest remarkably ameliorated therapeutic efficacy as compared to the current therapeutic options available and exhibit a better safety profile as compared to the other drugs. Clinical resistance to aromatase inhibitors is perceived as a lack of growth inhibition by aromatase inhibitors treatment and cancer therapy becomes ineffective in causing a decrease in the size of the tumor. Naturally extracted aromatase inhibitors have a huge positive impact on vitality and living standards. This review article highlights the particulars about the currently approved steroidal and non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors for clinical use, adverse effects associated with their use and approach to tackling the problem, various strategies to overcome aromatase inhibitors resistance, information on the synthesis of various peculiar aromatase inhibitors which can prove as highly efficient and potent drugs in the near future and the drugs of natural and semi-synthetic origin which can demonstrate to be more efficient, potent and less-toxic than conventional therapy.
The nature of microorganisms and the efficiency of antimicrobials have witnessed a huge co-dependent change in their dynamics over the last few decades. On the other side, metals and metallic compounds have gained popularity owing to their effectiveness against various microbial strains. A structured search of both research and review papers was conducted via different electronic databases, such as PubMed, Bentham, Springer, and Science Direct, among others, for the present review. Along with these, marketed products, patents, and Clinicaltrials.gov were also referred to for our review. Different microbes such as bacteria, fungi, etc., and their diverse species and strains have been reviewed and found to be sensitive to metal-carrying formulations. The products are observed to restrict growth, multiplication, and biofilm formation effectively and adequately. Silver has an apt use in this area of treatment and recovery, and other metals like copper, gold, iron, and gallium have also been observed to generate antimicrobial activity. The present review identified membrane disruption, oxidative stress, and interaction with proteins and enzymes to be the primary microbicidal processes. Elaborating the action, nanoparticles and nanosystems are shown to work in our favor in well excelled and rational ways.
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