Background/Aim With the recent increased share of stand‐up electric scooters (e‐scooters), it is common to see people riding e‐scooters on the roads in Korea. The aim of this study was to investigate traumatic injuries to the craniofacial region related to e‐scooter accidents and to determine the role of dentists (especially oral and maxillofacial surgeons) in the evaluation of patients with trauma at the emergency department due to an e‐scooter accident. Materials and Methods This retrospective study investigated the medical records of patients who visited the Gangnam Severance Hospital Emergency Care Center for trauma related to e‐scooter use from January 1, 2017 to March 31, 2020. Medical records were reviewed to determine the injuries sustained to the craniofacial region related to e‐scooter use, including location of the injury (eg, cranium, craniofacial bone, teeth, soft tissue) and the type of trauma (eg, fracture, laceration, abrasion, contusion, concussion). Result A total of 256 patients' medical records were evaluated. Among them, 125 patients (48.8% of all patients) had sustained craniofacial trauma. Laceration (n = 56, 44.8%) was the most common type of craniofacial injury, followed by cerebral concussion (n = 49, 39.2%), dental injury (n = 27, 21.6%), and craniofacial bone fracture (n = 16, 12.8%). Conclusion Dentists should always consider the possibility of brain trauma and perform a complete craniofacial and oral examination when assessing patients after e‐scooter accidents as outlined by the International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines. Additionally, it is necessary to educate e‐scooter riders about the importance of wearing protective devices, such as helmets, to reduce the risk of injuries to the craniofacial region.

No abstract

Accumulating evidence indicates that mitotic protein kinases are involved in metastatic migration as well as tumorigenesis. Protein kinases and cytoskeletal proteins play a role in the efficient release of metastatic cells from a tumor mass in the tumor microenvironment, in addition to playing roles in mitosis. Mitotic protein kinases, including Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) and Aurora kinases, have been shown to be involved in metastasis in addition to cell proliferation and tumorigenesis, depending on the phosphorylation status and cellular context. Although the genetic programs underlying mitosis and metastasis are different, the same protein kinases and cytoskeletal proteins can participate in both mitosis and cell migration/invasion, resulting in migratory tumors. Cytoskeletal remodeling supports several cellular events, including cell division, movement, and migration. Thus, understanding the contributions of cytoskeletal proteins to the processes of cell division and metastatic motility is crucial for developing efficient therapeutic tools to treat cancer metastases. Here, we identify mitotic kinases that function in cancer metastasis as well as tumorigenesis. Several mitotic kinases, namely, PLK1, Aurora kinases, Rho-associated protein kinase 1, and integrin-linked kinase, are considered in this review, as an understanding of the shared machineries between mitosis and metastasis could be helpful for developing new strategies to treat cancer.

No abstract