Electrochemical
reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to
formate (HCOO–) in aqueous solution is studied using
tin–lead (Sn–Pb) alloys as new electrocatalysts. In
electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements, lower charge-transfer
resistance is observed for the alloy electrodes when compared to the
single metal electrodes such as Sn and Pb. The results of X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy (XPS) and cyclic voltammetric (CV) analysis show that
the Sn in the Sn–Pb alloys facilitates the formation of oxidized
tin (SnO
x
) and metallic lead (Pb0) on the alloy surface by inhibiting the formation of low-conductive
lead oxide (PbO) film. The CV analysis confirms that the Sn–Pb
alloys exhibit higher reduction current than the single metal electrodes
under CO2 atmosphere. The Faradaic efficiency (FE) and
the partial current density (PCD) of HCOO– production
on the alloy electrodes is investigated by electroreduction experiments
at −2.0 V (vs Ag/AgCl) in an H-type cell. As results, respectively
more than 16% and 25% higher FE and PCD of HCOO– are obtained from the Sn–Pb alloys compared to the single
metal electrodes. A Sn–Pb alloy including surface composition
of Sn56.3Pb43.7 exhibits the highest FE of 79.8%
with the highest PCD of 45.7 mA cm–2.
Covalent-triazine-framework (CTF) based Ir/Rh catalysts for the aqueous-phase transfer hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds to alcohols using formate as the H2-source.
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