Symbolic interaction focuses on 'interpretation' over subjective meaning derived from interaction of people with the others of his/her environment. As stated clearly in its name, symbolic interaction emphasized a close relationship-an exchange-between symbol and interaction. These exchanges produced special meanings and interpretations, unique for each person involved. Symbolic is derived from the word 'symbol' which means signs resulted from consensus. Symbolic Interaction tried to 'entering' meaning process and subject defining by employing participant observation to watch carefully how subject define themselves and their actions respectfully, based on definitions and meanings given by others in their environment.
Democratic governance is characterized by participation or community involvement in decisionmaking and implementation of public policy. Relating to community participation, the Indonesian government has a policy for citizens to access information they required. As the effect of this policy, Indonesia has made efforts to implement the disclosure of information in accordance with the freedom of information act. This article aims to build model of public participation from the community to control the region government with case "Wakca Balaka Advocacy Forum" and "Kelompok Informasi Masyarakat (KIM)" in the context of public disclosure. The method used was case study and the data were collected through interviews and discussion forum with Wakca Balaka and observation on KIM activities in Bandung, Indonesia. The results of the research showed that Wakca Balaka Advocacy Forum is a bottom up public participation model, due to its own initiative to oversee various local government policies in its implementation. In addition, "KIM" is a "pseudo" public top down participation model, because it is formed and initiated by the government to manage information and empower the community. This makes KIM have a lower critical level in comparison with Wakca balaka in government transparency. For this reason, capacity building for information management officials in the local government and the Information Commission as regulators are needed, and so is building public awareness about the importance of public participation.
Freedom of information has become a momentum for the effort to realize good governance and promote democratic governance system in Indonesia. With the enactment of Freedom of Information Law No. 14 of 2008, the public was given access to the right of public information as human right such as guaranteed by law. Public freedom of information should encourage public participation. Political parties as public institutions also have to give information in the service of the public who wish to access any kind of information which is regulated by law. However, based on reports ICW, how difficult political parties provide the information requested by the ICW. This Article examines the political culture, political communication strategies and public freedom of information within the political parties.
Veil usage is not only just a matter of fashion style. Moreover, veils symbolize many great values in Islamic tradition. No wonder if veil-or jilbab-are commonly found in many places, including campus, among students as well as lecturer. This research aimed to investigate the motivation of the girls in wearing jilbab. Using phenomenology approach to know more about subjectivity meanings constructed between research subjects, the research has finally revealed some motivations among the girls in wearing jilbab. There are three motives in wearing jilbab as found among Unisba's students: theological motive, psychological motive, and fashionable motive. Such motive further implied on three different identities constructed by research subjects: Phenomenal Moslem Students, Fashionable Moslem Students, and Tolerant Moslem Students.
The study aims to analyze empowerment communication in a cooperative of an Islamic boarding school as a medium of harmonization. The study used a qualitative research method for Participatory Learning and Action (PLA). Data were collected through interviews, documentation, observation, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Informants were selected purposively and snowball sampling, namely the organization committee and students at the Islamic Boarding School, the management of cooperatives, business groups in the community, and village government, as well as practitioners, and activists of community empowerment. The study location was determined in community and Al Muaddib Islamic boarding school at Cilacap district, Central Java Province of Indonesia. The study used data analysis of community development, namely identifying, categorizing problems, specific objectives, analyzing problems and preparing action plans, evaluating the entire process, and action plans. The results of research i.e. (1) The empowerment communication should be developed to perform a comprehensive economic empowerment program ranging from the identification of the problem, the potential of human resources, natural resources and the economy of rural communities up to the analytical solution of cooperative programs, assistance and partnerships to realize harmonization. (2) Empowerment communication should be carried out sustainably and comprehensively with a humanistic, dialogical, egalitarian and participatory approach starting from counselling to provide motivation, inspiration, knowledge, and then improving skills with training, monitoring, evaluation and partnership. (3) The study implication is that empowerment communication programs could be a medium for harmonization, eliminating traumatic and negative stigma against society and Islamic boarding school which are considered radical. Keywords: Boarding school, cooperative, empowerment communication, harmonization, negative stigma.
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