Background/Aim. Botulinum toxin is a basic, recommended method of treatment in controlling cervical dystonia (CD). Physical therapy has limited effect due to the nature of the disease that is a result of a disorder in structures and relationships of the basal ganglia. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of physical therapy applied as monotherapy, or with parallel application of botulinum toxin in patients with CD. Methods. Randomized controlled clinical pilot study included 14 patients diagnosed with idiopathic CD. All patients were initially assessed by using the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) and Torticollis Rating Scale (Tsui scale). In the control group, composed of 5 patients, the treatment included only physical therapy. The experimental group (9 patients) was first given botulinum toxin, and physical therapy was applied after five days. Physical therapy was conducted five times a week in the period of two weeks at the Clinic. Patients of both groups were instructed to continue with the physical therapy at home. The effects of treatment
Introduction: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome has been increasing in the last years. There are tendencies to reduce it by applying the medical treatment, but also by means of a series of other measures, primarily by diet and physical activity. Many previous studies have confirmed the positive effect of physical activity on the metabolic syndrome, but the optimal intensity and volume of training have not clearly been defined yet. Methodology: Descriptive methods and theoretical analysis were used for the collection, classification, and analysis of targeted research. PUB MED and KOBBSON databases were analyzed. Total of 65 studies met all the criteria set in advance. Results and discussion: The largest number of papers was related to the effects of programmed physical exercise on blood sugar regulation. The risk of developing type 2 diabetes can be reduced by 58% and even up to 65% with the help of physical exercise. It was found that the best effect on insulin is a combination of resistance training and aerobic exercise. However, in the long run, the greater intensity aerobic training ensures long-term benefit related to the activity of the insulin compared to weight training or low intensity exercise. As regards the change in the lipid status, it has been found that the controlled, long-term, moderate to moderately strong physical activity, improves the lipid profile by raising high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and by lowering the levels of triglycerides in obese adults with the features of the metabolic syndrome.
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