PurposeThe development of inflammatory periodontal disease in young people is an urgent problem of today's periodontology, and requires a development of new methods that would give an opportunity not only to diagnose but also for prognosis of periodontitis course in a given patients contingent.ResultsCellular structure of periodontal pockets is presented by hematogenous and epithelial cells. Our results are confirmed by previous studies, and show that the penetration of periodontal pathogens leads to formation in periodontal tissue of a highly active complex compounds—cytokines that are able to modify the activity of neutrophils and reduce their specific antibacterial properties. Cytokines not only adversely affect the periodontal tissues, but also cause further activation of cells that synthesized them, and inhibit tissue repair and process of resynthesis of connective tissue by fibroblasts.ConclusionNeutrophilic granulocytes present in each of the types of smear types, but their functional status and quantitative composition is different. The results of our cytological study confirmed the results of immunohistochemical studies, and show that in generalized periodontitis, an inflammatory cellular elements with disorganized epithelial cells and connective tissue of the gums and periodontium, and bacteria form specific types of infiltration in periodontal tissues.
The aim: To establish the features of the structural organization of enamel in various anatomical areas of the tooth and determine their influence on the characteristics of the course of biomineralization processes. Materials and methods: The study of the structural features of enamel and dentin was performed on thin sections of various groups of teeth. Then morphological, histochemical and electron microscopic examination methods were used. Results: The study found that there are three structural and functional barriers to biomineralization of enamel, which are located in different anatomical areas of the tooth crown. Each of them has both general and specific features. Enamel biomineralization is a continuous process of exchange of calcium ions, donor of which is brushite. The stepwise process of biomineralization turns the latter into calcium octaphosphate, which then turns into hydroxyapatite. The latter, when destroyed by carbon dioxide, forms carboxyapatite. Conclusions: In the result of conducted study was established peculiarities of enamel mineralization processes in different anatomical parts of tooth.
The aim: To carry out a comparative assessment of metal alloys for the manufacture of metal-ceramic constructions of dentures by determining the indicator of their histotoxicity. Materials and methods: To identify the effect of metal alloys on cobalt and nickel bases on the tissue of organism, we carried out an experimental-morphological study of standard samples of metal alloys “Shot-alloy”, “Remanium-2000”, “Cerium”, “Dent-NCB”, “Cellite-N”. Results: A careful histological analysis of the capsules formed around the metal alloy samples during two periods of the experiment showed that the healing time of the subcutaneous tissue was not the same. The most complete healing, that is, the formation of mature fibrous connective tissue, occurred during the implantation of the cobaltbased alloy “Remanium-2000” and the capsule formed at the end of the experiment around the implanted sample from the “Shot-alloy” alloy, and during the implantation of the “Cerium” alloy, healing the wound surface and the formation of a connective tissue capsule occurs fully than in previous cases. Conclusions: The analysis of the performed experiment testifies in favor of the point of view that the speed and quality of healing of damaged subcutaneous tissue upon the introduction of implanted research alloys depend largely on the individual chemical components that make up the alloys, or on their combination.
Introduction. Studies have shown that the style of each person's activity largely depends on the type of higher nervous activity entering the structure of his temperament. The temperament of an individual is considered innate, because it is a psychic property that does not lend itself to pedagogical correction and volitional regulation. Since the type of temperament affects the overall activity of the person, the idea arose to investigate the possibility of its influence on the work of the maxillofacial apparatus of young, healthy people. The aim of the work is to analyze the degree of dependence between chewing efficiency and human temperament with the help of the proposed improved method of chewing sampling. Materials and methods. The study, in which 59 people took part, of them 27 men (45.8%) and 32 women (54.2%) aged 17-25 years, was conducted on the basis of the laboratory of the Department of Propaedeutics of Orthopedic Dentistry of the HSEEU "Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy "(Poltava). The analysis of the obtained data showed absolute numerical superiority among the surveyed representatives of two temperamental groups: 1 group - sanguine, 17 of them 10 men and 7 women; 2 group - choleric people, 24 of them 9 men and 15 women. Samples for the chewing test were colloidal mass of agar-agar in the form of cylinders with a height of 10 and a diameter of 20 millimeters. All participants did 10 conventional chewing movements to grind the samples, after which all fragments of the test material were collected, washed, dried, the information was converted into photograph and was recorded in a computer base. Results. In the sanguine group, in determining the masticatory efficiency, the total number of fragments of the test sample ranged from 140.6 to 471.3, the average area of the fragments was 91.727 - 345.175 pxl2. In the choleric group, the total number of fragments of the test sample ranged from 194 to 644, and the average size of the fragments in the choleric group fluctuated 75.15 - 191.101 pxl2. The results of the study showed that representatives of the choleric group had a large total number of fragments of the test sample and a smaller average area. An increase in the number of fragments and a decrease in their area indicate a high masticatory efficiency, and therefore a better quality of chewing food, is observed in the choleric group. In the sanguine group, there is less total number of fragments and a larger average area compared to choleric, which indicates a lower chewing efficiency and, correspondingly, worse processing of food. Hypothesis (M0) on the absence of a statistical relationship between the parameters of the chewing test and a certain type of human temperament was developed. Accordingly, the alternative hypothesis (M1) relied on the assumption of a statistical relationship between these indicators. The obtained results did not allow rejecting the null hypothesis as when comparing the values of the total number of fragments and the mean values of these fragments. But, the confidence interval (0.052) of the mean fragment area values approaches the accepted critical level of significance (p = 0.05). Conclusions. Further statistical analysis showed that the numerical index of the average area of the chewing gum fragments is more reliable to a certain type of temperament in the experienced persons, which makes it possible to consider this parameter as a sensitive marker for assessing the condition of the dentoalveolar system in normal and pathological changes, including when determining the effectiveness of the orthopedic treatment.
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