In this article, a four-port circularly polarized printed multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO) antenna is designed to cover Wi-Fi/WLAN (5 GHz), Wi-MAX (3.4-3.6), and C band applications, which consists of four trapezoidal shaped patches with microstrip feed. To achieve high isolation between the ports, the antenna elements are located orthogonally to each other. The antenna elements are separated by placing diagonal lines to further enhance the port isolation. Circular polarization is achieved by modifying the ground plane and
Research in cognitive radio networks aims at maximized spectrum utilization by giving access to increased users with the help of dynamic spectrum allocation policy. The unknown and rapid dynamic nature of the radio environment makes the decision making and optimized resource allocation to be a challenging one. In order to support dynamic spectrum allocation, intelligence is needed to be incorporated in the cognitive system to study the environment parameters, internal state, and operating behaviour of the radio and based on which decisions need to be made for the allocation of under-utilized spectrum. A novel priority-based reserved allocation method with a multi-agent system is proposed for spectrum allocation. The multi-agent system performs the task of gathering environmental artefacts used for decision making to give the best of effort service in this adaptive communication.
PurposeThis paper aims to present the design of a compact vertically polarized four-element UWB antenna suitable for MIMO communications.Design/methodology/approachThe unit cell antenna is constructed using a square ring radiator excited through a stepped impedance feed. The proposed antenna covers the Ultra-wideband (UWB) spectrum ranging from 2.2 to 12.3 GHz. The isolation between the unit cell antennas in the array is enhanced using a simple microstrip line resonator. The decoupling element is connected to the ground through a via.FindingsThe proposed scheme offers at least 16 dB improvement in the port-to-port coupling. Furthermore, the four-element antenna array is constructed using a specific interlocking scheme. The proposed antenna array’s Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) performance metrics are analyzed.Originality/valueBy suitably selecting the excitation port, directional radiation patterns can be realized. The combined radiation pattern covers 360 degrees. A prototype antenna array is fabricated, and the simulation results are verified using real-time experiments. The proposed antenna is a suitable candidate for shark fin housing in automotive communications.
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