Haematological parameters are often used to assess the health status and as stress indicators in fishes. In this present study, the haematological parameters such as red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), haematocrit (HCT), haemoglobin (HB), mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin and mean cell haemoglobin concentration, RBC/WBC ratio, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and biochemical such as serum glucose (GLU), protein (PRO), cholesterol and urea (UR) of seven teleost fish species were determined. Statistical analysis confirmed that differences in haematological parameters between all the species were (P<0.01) significant. The result revealed that RBC, RBC/WBC ratio, HCT, HB, ESR, PRO, GLU and UR was significantly correlated at P<0.05 level. RBC/ WBC level was more due to the decrease in WBC during the study. These differences can be attributed to the physiological acclimatisation of the fish to their living conditions and feeding regime, which influences the energy metabolism and consequently, the health of the fish.

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organic materials, dead and decomposed carcasses and dependent on human habitation (Ali, 2002). Crows can invade the poultry farms and are threat to poultry farming if H5N1 infected birds enter the farm. In 2008, the H5N1 virus was for the first time isolated from jungle crow in India (Nagarajan et al., 2010). The natural H5N1 outbreaks in crows have been reported from Japan, Bangladesh, and India (Khan et al., 2014;Nagarajan et al., 2010;Tanimura et al., 2006). Once the crow population becomes infected in a roost, the virus tends to circulate for longer period (Khan et al., 2014). The H5N1 virus causes heavy mortality in crows (Ellis et al., 2009). The crows might play an important role in epidemiology and ecology of H5N1 viruses. The pathogenicity of H5N1 virus in house crows is not fully understood. A recent study in crows revealed that jungle crows are highly susceptible to HPAIV H5N1 infection and virus was recovered from crows infected Experimental infection and pathology of two highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses isolated from crow and chicken in house crows (Corvus splendens)

A total of 160 day-old broiler chicks were divided randomly into four groups with two replicates of 20 birds each. The birds were fed with basal diet, basal diet with CFO, basal diet with aflatoxin, basal diet with CFO and AF. Serum globulin level was significantly reduced in birds fed with AF only on 14 th day of treatment. Microscopically, mild degree of congestion, histiocytosis and cellular sparcity of the periarteriolar lymphoid component were observed in the spleen whereas lymphoid cell depletion in thymus and bursal follicles were prominent. Additionally, thymus revealed moderate degree of congestion and haemorrhages in widened medulla, histiocytosis and degeneration of Hassall's corpuscles. In CFO and AF fed birds, the extent and degree of lesions were lesser with compact arrangement of lymphoid cell with widening of cortex was observed mainly during later days of experiment. There was widening of lymphoid component of caecal tonsils up to mucosal layer in CFO fed birds.

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The population dynamics of Lantana camera, an exotic weed, was studied over a period of 25 months on annual basis along a disturbance gradient in Teak forest of Topslip, Western Ghats. Both the natality and mortality of the weed were increased along with the increase in the level of disturbance in the studied Teak forests. The natality rate was higher (116.67%) in the degraded forest without tree canopy during the year 1997-1998 and it was lower (42.31%) in undisturbed Teak forests. In the similar fashion, the per cent mortality of the weed was also higher (273.33%) in degraded forest than the disturbed and undisturbed Teak forests. Consequently the population increase of L.camara was significantly higher in degraded forest during the year 1997-1998.

Background: Forages of high quality are the most valuable commodity of any livestock activity and they serve as the basis for most of the rations in a forage-based diet. The lack of good quality seedlings/seeds, notably improved varieties, is the primary reason for the slow adoption of improved forage production technologies. Traditional establishment of bajra napier forage incurs more labour costs, harvesting sett material, transporting, preparing two budded setts and carrying to the planting area. Nearly three to four tons of green leaves stem materials are wasted for planting one hectare of area. In this situation, an alternate method is required to produce high-quality seedlings in a short period. This research objective compared single node bud chip seedling in different protray cell cavities and pot mixtures. Methods: The green shade net field study was carried out between 2019 and 2020, the effect of different pro-tray sizes (50, 60 and 98 cell cavities) and potting mixture (red earth, cocopeat, farmyard manure, vermicompost and root growth promoters like phosphobacteria bio-fertilizer and indole acetic acid (IAA) was taken in different combination for the establishment of Bajra Napier hybrid variety Co (BN)-5 seedling by using single node bud chip technology. The observation was taken up to 30 days in related to seedling growth and development. The observed parameter was statistically analysed in SPSS software. Result: Among the three different protray cavities and five different pot mixtures, 60 cavity protray with red earth + cocopeat + vermicompost (2:1:1) results revealed significant differences (p greater than 0.05) in seedling growth parameters among the different protray and growing media. The maximum seedling growth parameters like germination, numbers of the leaf, plant height, leaf length, width and root length (94.4 per cent, 8.17, 39.12 cm, 38.14 cm, 2.5 cm and 30.8 cm) were observed at 30 days aged seedlings followed by red earth + cocopeat + farmyard manure (2:1:1 ratio) and treated with IAA substance in 60 cavity protray.