A new silicone rubber matrix carbonate-selective membrane and a high-pH buffer diluent are used to enhance the performance of the electrode measurements for serum carbon dioxide. The proposed membrane employs one-component silicone rubber as the matrix and trifluoroacetyl-p-decylbenzene as the neutral ionophore. The optimized membrane formulation incorporates as high as 21.9 wt % plasticizer (e.g., bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate). The highly plasticized silicone rubber membranes not only function equivalently, in terms of the carbonate response, to the conventional PVC matrix membranes, but they also exhibit substantially reduced interfering response toward salicylate. Furthermore, the silicone rubber membrane exhibits better adhesion to the solid surface than do PVC or PU membranes. The use of higher pH buffers (e.g., 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP)-H(2)SO(4), pH 9.5-10.5) further enhances the selectivity of the carbonate electrode measurement system for total CO(2) species over other anions. It is shown that the combined use of the silicone rubber matrix membrane and the high-pH AMP buffer provides a carbonate sensor system that is substantially less subject to interference from salicylate and chloride than is the conventional measurement system employing the PVC-based electrode with the lower pH (8.4-8.8) buffer diluent.
Although LCDs are widely used in power‐consumption critical applications, they are not very energy‐efficient. The largest absorber of light is the color filter. We developed a TFT‐LCD with four‐color subpixels: red, green, blue and white. The addition of the white subpixel greatly enhanced the light efficiency: up by 50%. The RGB‐to‐RGBW mapping algorithm was designed so that the hue and saturation remains unchanged from the original color. The result is a very bright display with color characteristic almost identical to RGB LCDs.
A novel image synchronized brightness control (ISBC) method for active matrix liquid crystal display (AMLCD) was developed, where automatic modulation of the backlight luminance is performed according to the gray distribution of image data. The ISBC can deliver a peak luminance of 500 ~ 600 nits, which is very comparable to that of cathode ray tubes (CRTs) and is 2 to 3 times higher than that of normal LCD. The dynamic CR is over 700. With this ISBC method we can display a vivid moving image, while maintaining the same level of power consumption and a backlight.
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