Nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 10 recognized prototype strains of the porcine enterovirus (PEV) cytopathic effect (CPE) group I reveals a close relationship of the viral genomes to the previously sequenced strain F65, supporting the concept of a reclassification of this virus group into a new picornavirus genus. Also, nucleotide sequences of the polyprotein-encoding genome region or the P1 region of 28 historic strains and recent field isolates were determined. The data suggest that several closely related but antigenically and molecular distinct serotypes constitute one species within the proposed genus Teschovirus. Based on sequence data and serological data, we propose a new serotype with strain Dresden as prototype. This hitherto unrecognized serotype is closely related to porcine teschovirus 1 (PTV-1, former PEV-1), but induces typespecific neutralizing antibodies. Sequencing of field isolates collected from animals presenting with neurological disorders prove that other serotypes than PTV-1 may also cause polioencephalomyelitis of swine.The porcine enteroviruses (PEVs) were described as causative agents of severe and mild neurological disorders known as Teschen/Talfan disease (16, 39), reproductive failure (10), pneumonia (27), diarrhea (13), and dermal lesions of swine (25). Due to the physicochemical properties of their virions, they were previously classified as enteroviruses. Several distinct serotypes have been described (3,5,6,12,17,23,36). Based on parameters such as (i) cytopathic effect (CPE), (ii) replication properties in various host cell lines, and (iii) serological assays, the PEVs were divided into three CPE groups: I (serotypes 1 to 7 and 11 to 13), II (serotype 8), and III (serotypes 9 and 10) (23, 42). Recently, partial genome regions of members of each CPE group-Porcine teschovirus 1 (PTV-1) strains Talfan and F65 (9,20), PEV-8 (J. H. Peng, R. P. Kitching, and N. J. Knowles, unpublished data), and PEV-9 (J. H. Peng, J. W. McCauley, R. P. Kitching, and N. J. Knowles, unpublished data)-were cloned and sequenced. Analysis of available genome information revealed that PEV-9 and PEV-10 are typical enteroviruses, while PEV-8 appears to be closely related to both enteroviruses and rhinoviruses. However, the genome of strain F65 (a member of CPE group I) exhibits unique features suggesting the reclassification into a new picornavirus taxon. The new genus was named Teschovirus, with F65 as a member of the species Porcine teschovirus (22). In this study, we will use the proposed name "teschovirus" as synonymous to "PEV CPE group I."Since the molecular properties of other members of PEV CPE group I and their relationship to F65 are still unclear, we aimed to gain further information on these viruses. For this purpose, the genomes of the prototype strains of PEV-1 to -7 and PEV-11 to -13 (proposed names PTV-1 to -10 [ Table 1]) were sequenced and compared to genomes of other members of the family Picornaviridae. Moreover, several historic strains and recent field isolates were i...

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Porcine enteroviruses (PEV) types 1-1 1 were assigned to three serologic groups by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). Serotype group I consists of PEV types 1-7 and 11 and is correlated with CPE-type I. Serotype group I1 is represented by PEV type 8, producing CPE-type 11, while PEV types 9 and 10 are classified as serotype group I11 and cause CPE-type 111. Three PEV isolates from the central nervous system of pigs with polioencephalomyelitis were assigned to serotype group I by IIF but to none of the established 11 serotypes by cross-neutralization. It is concluded that these isolates are representatives of two new PEV types for which the designation PEVl2 and 13 is suggested.

To assess if wild carnivores in Germany play a role in the epizootiology of canine parvovirus (CPV) infection, seroprevalences against CPV in free-ranging carnivores (n=1,496) from selected urban and rural areas were compared. Antibodies against CPV were found in sera from red foxes (Vulpes vulpes; 136 of 1,442; 9%), raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonides; two of 33; 6%), stone martens (Martes foina; four of 13; 31%), and pine martens (Martes martes; one of two) using the hemagglutination-inhibition test and pig erythrocytes. Evidence of CPV infection was detected in all study areas. Antibody titers varied between 10 and 320. In red foxes, the number of reactors did not differ between most urban and rural areas. However, we found significantly more reactors in the most densely populated urban area (Berlin). None of 430 tissue samples (small intestine, spleen, mesenterial lymph nodes) from any species tested for the presence of CPV nucleic acid using polymerase chain reaction yielded an amplification product. Based on our results, we believe that contact between domestic dogs and free-ranging red foxes probably plays a subordinate role in the epizootiology of CPV in Germany.

Zusammenfassung Infektionsversuche an Rindern mit dem Herpesvirus suis Typ 1 ergaben, daß die Verbreitung des Virus im Tierkörper und das hieraus resultierende klinische Bild durch die Eintrittspforte des Virus bestimmt wird. So fand sich das Virus nach der Exposition des Respirationstraktes (intranasale bzw. bronchiale Instillation; Aerosolinhalation) u.a. in nervalen Organen des Kopfes und im Rückenmark bis in Höhe des 7. Halswirbels (kraniales Virusverteilungsmuster). Demgegenüber breitete sich das Virus nach Applikation auf die unverletzte Rektal‐ und Vaginalschleimhaut sowie nach subkutaner Injektion im Lendenbereich, aber auch nach oraler Verabfolgung, vorwiegend im kaudalen Körperbereich aus und drang im Rückenmark nicht über den 1. Brustwirbel kranial vor (kaudales Virusverteilungsmuster). Das dem kranialen Virusverteilungsmuster entsprechende klinische Bild zeichnete sich durch kurze Krankheitsdauer mit Unruhe, Juckreiz im Kopfbereich, Zuckungen der Kopf‐ und Halsmuskulatur, lokale Lähmungen im Kopfbereich und Pansentympanie aus. Bei den Tieren mit kaudalem Virusverteilungsmuster wurden neben einer längeren Krankheitsdauer schwach ausgeprägter lokaler Juckreiz im kaudalen Körperbereich, Koliksymptome, Betätigung der Bauchpresse und Zuckungen der Bauchmuskulatur beobachtet. Trotz Applikation hoher Virusdosen führte die Exposition der unverletzten äußeren Haut (≥ 107 KID50), der Lidbindehaut (104,8 bzw 106 KID50) und der Vormagenschleimhaut (106,8 bzw. 107,0 KID50) nicht zur Infektion. Demgegenüber gelang die subkutane Infektion mit einer Virusdosis von 50 KID50. Es ergaben sich Hinweise darauf, daß das Herpesvirus suis Typ 1 beim Rind an der Eintrittspforte ohne wesentliche lokale Vermehrung in periphere Nerven eindringt und in diesen während der Inkubationszeit das zentrale Nervensystem (ZNS) erreicht. Seine zentrifugale Verbreitung im und über das ZNS hinaus bedingt die klinische Symptomatik. Summary Pathogenesis and clinical picture of Aujesky's Disease in cattle after experimental infection by respiratory, alimentary and reproductive organs and by the skin Infection experiments in cattle with Herpesvirus suis Type 1 showed that spread of the virus in the body and the ensuing clinical picture are determined by the portal of entry of the virus. Thus when the virus was given via the respiratory tract (intranasal or intrabronchial instillation; aerosol inhalation) virus was found above all in the nervous tissue of the head and in the spinal cord to the level of the 7th cervical vertebra (cranial dispersion of virus). In contrast, after virus introduction to the undamaged rectal and vaginal mucosa and after subcutaneous injection in the lumbar region, but also after oral administration, virus was found mainly in the caudal regions of the body and did not penetrate the spinal cord more anteriorly than the first thoracic vertebra (caudal virus dispersion). Cranial virus dispersion resulted in a clinical picture characterized by a short illness with unrest, itching in the head region, spasms of the head and n...