The review deals with the negative effects of high contents of manganese taken in by a body with drinking water and being potentially dangerous to population health. The data of national and foreign researchers on manganese effects on functional state of the central nervous system, the blood system and blood formation, the process of neuromuscular conduction, the bone structure, the absorbing capacity of the intestine, the excretory system (kidneys), fat and carbohydrate metabolism, the cellular immunity system status and nonspecific resistance have been given. It has been shown that in simultaneous intake of manganese and a number of other metals (nickel, chromium, lead) with drinking water, the risk of adverse effects development in the critical organs and systems increased. A correlation of chronic effects of manganese taken in with drinking water and the increase in the population morbidity rates in obvious and latent forms has been proven. Determination of mechanisms of a toxic effect of manganese on the critical organs and systems allows to define indices, change of which in the body biological fluids gives a possibility to assess more accurately and early prepathological states resulting from harmful effects of environmental factors, including manganese.
In blood of children underwent to the long-term isolated exposure of manganese and stable strontium with drinking water exceeding the acceptable level by up to 1.4 times the elevated concentrations of mentioned metals in blood were shown to be formed in relation to reference level by 2,0-4,4 times. The developing at that mutagenic effect was proved to have the dependence on the level of manganese and stable strontium concentration in blood and is pronounced in the increased rate of cells with cytogenetic anomalies on the background of the enhancement of the proliferative activity, destructive changes in the cell population and oxidative responses at the cell DNA level. The activity of genetic instability and processes of DNA oxidation in the somatic cells in children under the exposure to manganese has more pronounced character in comparison to given indices under the exposure to the stable strontium.
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