A solid-state melt reaction (SSMR) has been demonstrated via a domino process for the synthesis of tetracyclic chromenopyran pyrimidinedione frameworks using Baylis-Hillman derivatives through in situ formation of an olefin followed by an intramolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction sequence. The tetracyclic frameworks were obtained without using catalyst and solvent in a highly stereoselective and stereospecific fashion. The isolated yield is excellent and does not require column chromatography purification to obtain the pure product.

A catalyst, solvent, work-up and column free synthesis of chromenopyranpyrazoles via multicomponent cascade reaction has been achieved with high stereoselectivity. This novel reaction creates two N-C, two C-C and one O-C bonds through a domino process for the construction of three new rings and three contiguous stereogenic centers.

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A highly efficient, multicomponent protocol for the construction of functionalized quinolinopyranpyrazole scaffolds with high stereoselectivity has been developed through the application of a domino reaction. All the quinolinopyranpyrazoles were synthesized under solvent‐ and catalyst‐free conditions and required no work‐up or column chromatography.

We describe updated information on the various vaccines available over the last two decades, along with recent progress in developing 63 diverse vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.

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A virus enters a living organism and recruits host metabolism to reproduce its own genome and proteins. The viral infections are intricate and cannot be completely removed through existing antiviral drugs. For example, the herpes, influenza, hepatitis and human immunodeficiency viruses are a few dreadful ones amongst them. Significant studies are needed to understand the viral entry and their growth in host cells to design effective antivirals. This review emphasizes the range of therapeutical antiviral drugs, inhibitors along with vaccines to fight against viral pathogens, especially for combating COVID-19. Moreover, we have provided the basic and in depth information about viral targets, drugs availability, their mechanisms of action, method of prevention of viral diseases and highlighted the significances of anticoagulants, convalescent plasma for COVID-19 treatment, scientific details of airborne transmission, characteristics of antiviral drug delivery using nanoparticles/carriers, nanoemulsions, nanogels, metal based nanoparticles, alike the future nanosystems through nanobubbles, nanofibers, nanodiamonds, nanotraps, nanorobots and eventually, the therapeutic applications of micro- and nanoparticulates, current status for clinical development against COVID-19 together with environmental implications of antivirals, gene therapy etc., which may be useful for repurposing and designing of novel antiviral drugs against various dreadful diseases, especially the SARS-CoV-2 and other associated variants.