Summary: Résumé: Zusammenfassung The spray retention, foliar penetration and translocation of asulam [methyl (4 aminobenzenculphonyl) carbamate] by wild oats (Avena fatua L.) (Susceptible) and flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)(Tolerant) were examined in an attempt to elucidate the nature of differential sensitivity. Wild oat plants retained about four times as much spray solution of a commercial formulation of asulam as did flux. Penetration into flax was much more rapid than into wild oats. Added surfactant and high relative humidity greatly enhanced the penetration of the herbicide into wild oats. An increase in temperature from 10 to 30° C resulted in a large increase in penetration into both species. After foliar application of 14C‐asulam the radioactivity was distributed throughout the wild oat plants. But the translocation in flax was very limited. Here most of it remained in the treated leaf, probably as a result of contact injury caused by the chemical No detectable qualitative or quantitative differences in the metabolism of asulam in the two species were found. Our studies suggest that spray retention, foliar penetration and translocation all play an important role in the selectivity of asulam between wild oats and flax. Rétention'de la pulvérisation, pénélration foliaire, migration el selectivity de I'asulamt chez la folle‐avoine et Ie lin La rëtention de la pulvérisation, la pénétration foliaire et la migration de I'asusulame (4 aminobenzënesulfonyl carbamate de méthyle) not étéétudJiees chez la folle avoine (Avfna fatua L.) (sensible)ct chez le lin (Linum usitalissimum L) (resistant) pour tenter d'ëlucider la nature de la difference de scnsibilité. LES plantes de folle‐avoine ont retenu quatre fois plus que le lin de la pulvérisation d'une formulation commercial d'asulame. La pénétration dans Ie lin a été beaucoup plus rapide que dans la folle‐avoine. L'addition d'un agent de surface et one humidité relative êlevêe ont grandement favorisê la pênetration de I'herbicide dans la folle‐avoine one élévation de la temperature de 10 à 30° C a provoqué one import ante augmenta tion de la pênêtration dans les deux espèces. Après one application foliaire d'asulame marqué au 14C. la radioactivité a été rêpartie dans l'ensemble de la plante chez la folle‐avoine. mais la migration chez le lin a êtê três limitêe. La plus grande panie de cette radioactivitê est restêe dans la feuille traitèe. probablement en raison des damages provoquês par le contact duproduit. ll n'a pasêtêdecelê de differences, ni qualitatives. niquantitatives. Dans)le mêtabolisme de l'asulame chez les deux espêces. Nos recherches suggèrent que la retention de la pulvêrisation, la pénétration fotiaire et la migration jouent un röle important dans la sélectivité de l'asulame entre la folle‐avoine et le lin. Spritzmitelrterenrntion, Blmprnetlration, Tronslokation and Selekrivitär von Asulam hei Flughafer and Flachs Spritzmittelretention. Blat penetration and Translokation von Asuiam [Methyl‐l‐aminobenzolsulfonyl)‐carbamat] bei Flughafer (Avina fat...
Foliar penetration of14C-difenzoquat (1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-1-H-pyrazolium), in the presence of a surfactant, into both wild oat (Avena fatuaL.) and barley (Hordeum vulgareL. ‘Conquest’), was rapid and continued at a nearly constant rate for 72 hr, the maximum time period studied; 93 and 84% of the applied dose was absorbed by the leaves of wild oat and barley, respectively. Added surfactants at 0.01% to 0.3% and high relative. humidity (RH) greatly enhanced the penetration of the herbicide into wild oat. An increase in temperature from 10 to 30 C resulted in a large increase in penetration. Commercial formulations of bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxy-benzonitrile) + MCPA {[(4-chloro-O-tolyl)oxy] acetic acid} (1:1, w/w), 2,4-D[(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] ester and barban (4-chloro-2-butynylm-chlorocarbanilate) markedly increased the penetration of14C-difenzoquat into wild oat. Amine formulation of 2,4-D, on the other hand, had no effect on penetration. Foliarly-applied14C-difenzoquat rapidly translocated mainly in the acropetal direction. Most of the absorbed14C, however, was accumulated in the treated area and a few centimeters above the treated area. There was some basipetal movement, and 24 hr after treatment14C was detectable in the roots. Root uptake of14C-difenzoquat was very rapid, but upward movement of14C was slight, and even 24 hr after treatment most of it was retained by the roots. Chromatographic analysis of plant extracts up to 15 days after treatment with14C-difenzoquat revealed no evidence of difenzoquat metabolism by wild oat, barley, and wheat (Triticum vulgareL. ‘Thatcher’). The selective action of difenzoquat in wild oat and barley cannot be accounted for by differences in its foliar penetration, translocation, or metabolism in these species.
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