Spray retention, foliar penetration, translocation and selectivity of asulam in wild oats and flax

Abstract

Summary: Résumé: Zusammenfassung The spray retention, foliar penetration and translocation of asulam [methyl (4 aminobenzenculphonyl) carbamate] by wild oats (Avena fatua L.) (Susceptible) and flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)(Tolerant) were examined in an attempt to elucidate the nature of differential sensitivity. Wild oat plants retained about four times as much spray solution of a commercial formulation of asulam as did flux. Penetration into flax was much more rapid than into wild oats. Added surfactant and high relative humidity greatly enhanced the penetration of the herbicide into wild oats. An increase in temperature from 10 to 30° C resulted in a large increase in penetration into both species. After foliar application of 14C‐asulam the radioactivity was distributed throughout the wild oat plants. But the translocation in flax was very limited. Here most of it remained in the treated leaf, probably as a result of contact injury caused by the chemical No detectable qualitative or quantitative differences in the metabolism of asulam in the two species were found. Our studies suggest that spray retention, foliar penetration and translocation all play an important role in the selectivity of asulam between wild oats and flax. Rétention'de la pulvérisation, pénélration foliaire, migration el selectivity de I'asulamt chez la folle‐avoine et Ie lin La rëtention de la pulvérisation, la pénétration foliaire et la migration de I'asusulame (4 aminobenzënesulfonyl carbamate de méthyle) not étéétudJiees chez la folle avoine (Avfna fatua L.) (sensible)ct chez le lin (Linum usitalissimum L) (resistant) pour tenter d'ëlucider la nature de la difference de scnsibilité. LES plantes de folle‐avoine ont retenu quatre fois plus que le lin de la pulvérisation d'une formulation commercial d'asulame. La pénétration dans Ie lin a été beaucoup plus rapide que dans la folle‐avoine. L'addition d'un agent de surface et one humidité relative êlevêe ont grandement favorisê la pênetration de I'herbicide dans la folle‐avoine one élévation de la temperature de 10 à 30° C a provoqué one import ante augmenta tion de la pênêtration dans les deux espèces. Après one application foliaire d'asulame marqué au 14C. la radioactivité a été rêpartie dans l'ensemble de la plante chez la folle‐avoine. mais la migration chez le lin a êtê três limitêe. La plus grande panie de cette radioactivitê est restêe dans la feuille traitèe. probablement en raison des damages provoquês par le contact duproduit. ll n'a pasêtêdecelê de differences, ni qualitatives. niquantitatives. Dans)le mêtabolisme de l'asulame chez les deux espêces. Nos recherches suggèrent que la retention de la pulvêrisation, la pénétration fotiaire et la migration jouent un röle important dans la sélectivité de l'asulame entre la folle‐avoine et le lin. Spritzmitelrterenrntion, Blmprnetlration, Tronslokation and Selekrivitär von Asulam hei Flughafer and Flachs Spritzmittelretention. Blat penetration and Translokation von Asuiam [Methyl‐l‐aminobenzolsulfonyl)‐carbamat] bei Flughafer (Avina fat...

Effect of Environment and Adjuvants on Asulam Phytotoxicity

“…Asulam toxicity to wild oats probably would have increased with an increase in temperature even when applied with octoxynol at high humidity had a lower asulam rate been used, based upon the wild oat response to temperature with low humidity and upon the flax response to temperature at both low and high humidity. The increased phy to toxicity of asulam with high temperature and humidity relates to increased herbi cide absorption as reported previously (14).…”

Uptake of 14C‐gibberellic acid by mature grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) as affected by relative humidity and method of application

“…Uptake rate during incubation at 100% RH was several fold (2.5 to 6) higher than at 50% RH. Similar effects of high RH were found with other compounds (Babiker & Duncan, 1975;Luckwill & Lloyd-Jones, 1962;Middleton & Sanderson, 1965;Pallas, 1960;Prasad, Foy & Crafts, 1967;Sharma et al, 1978).…”

“…Kinetic studies have shown for a variety of compounds that a major portion of the uptake takes place during the drying-out of treatment solutions (Babiker, Cook & Duncan, 1977;Luckwill & Lloyd-Jones, 1962). In many cases uptake was found to continue from the dry residue which remains on the plant surface (Anderson & Girling, 1983;Babiker et al, 1977;Lounds, Leon & Bukovac, 1987;Luckwill & Lloyd-Jones, 1962;Price, 1982;Sharma, Van den Born & McBeath, 1978).…”

Absorption, translocation, metabolism, and spray retention of quinclorac inDigitaria sanguinalisandEleusine indica

“…Spray retention differences between species can influence selectivity differences. Work by Sharma et al (1978) showed that susceptible Avena fatua L. (wild oat) retained four times more applied asulam than Linus catharticum L. (flax). The researchers suggested that differences in retention partially explained the observed selectivity differences.…”