Water solutions of commercial formulations of growth regulators were pressure-injected into the trunks of topped American elm (Ulmus americana L.) trees in June to evaluate their ability to reduce sprout regrowth. Regrowth was significantly reduced by methyl 2-chloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylate (chlorflurenol), N-[4-methyl-3-[[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]amino] = phenyl]acetamide (fluoridamid), l,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazine-dione (maleic hydrazide), succinic acid,2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide) and 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA); α-cyclopropyl-α-(4-methoxypenyl)-5-pyrimidine = methanol (ancymidol) and (2-chloroethyl)trimethyl-ammonium chloride (chlormequat) were ineffective. Some undesirable effects on the tree and foliage were observed. Maleic hydrazide (MH) and daminozide (SADH) were selected for additional field tests at 3 concentration levels on topped American elm and American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.). Regrowth was significantly reduced and foliage condition was acceptable for the high concentration of SADH and the low concentration of MH. Successive measurements in both experiments showed that sprout regrowth was reduced by an amount equivalent to at least 1 year of growth during the first 2 seasons following treatment.
Greenhouse grown 1-to 2-year-old seedlings of silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.), American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L .), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L .), and white ash (Fraxinus americana L .) were injected with one of three plant growth regulating chemicals . 1-napthylacetic acid (NAA) and NN,N-tributyl-N-(trifluormethylbenzyl) ammonium chloride (an analogue of Phosfon S, coded DOWCO 391) retarded shoot regrowth at appropriate concentrations without causing an unacceptable degree of foliar damage to seedlings . Fosamine-ammonium (ammonium ethyl carbanoyl phosphonate, trade name Krenite) even at low concentrations, produced severe phytotoxicity indicating that it acts more as a herbicide than as a growth retardant .
Previously topped American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L .), cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh), water oak (Quercus nigra L .), and bigleaf maple (Acer macrophyllum Pursh) trees were injected with aqueous solutions of maleic hydrazide or dikegulac-sodium in April-June, 1979 at various locations around the United States. Measurements made later in the autumn showed that dikegulac-sodium reduced sprout regrowth in all four species, whereas maleic hydrazide was only effective in controlling regrowth of American sycamore and cottonwood. The effects of dikegulac persisted through the second growing season . Significant variability was observed among treated trees and must be reduced in order to achieve consistent growth responses from an application of growth retardants .
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