Health literacy, a more complex concept than knowledge, is a required capacity to obtain, understand, integrate and act on health information [1], in order to enhance individual and community health, which is defined by different levels, according to the autonomy and personal capacitation in decision making [2]. Medium levels of Health literacy in an adolescent population were found in a study conducted in 2013/2014, being higher in sexual and reproductive health and lower in substance use. It was also noticed that the higher levels of health literacy were in the area adolescents refer to have receipt more health information. The health literacy competence with higher scores was communication skills, and the lower scores were in the capacity to analyze factors that influence health. Higher levels were also found in younger teenagers, but in a higher school level, confirming the importance of health education in these age and development stage. Adolescents seek more information in health professionals and parents, being friends more valued as a source information in older adolescents, which enhance the importance of peer education mainly in older adolescents [3]. As a set of competences based on knowledge, health literacy should be developed through education interventions, encompassing the cultural and social context of individuals, since the society, culture and education system where the individual is inserted can define the way the development and enforcement of the health literacy competences [4]. The valued sources of information should be taken into account, as well as needs of information in some topics referred by adolescents in an efficient health education. Schizophrenia is a serious and chronic mental illness which has a profound effect on the health and well-being related with the well-known nature of psychotic symptoms. The exercise has the potential to improve the life of people with schizophrenia improving physical health and alleviating psychiatric symptoms. However, most people with schizophrenia remains sedentary and lack of access to exercise programs are barriers to achieve health benefits. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of exercise on I) the type of intervention in mental health, II) in salivary levels of alpha-amylase and cortisol and serum levels of S100B and BDNF, and on III) the quality of life and selfperception of the physical domain of people with schizophrenia. The sample consisted of 31 females in long-term institutions in the Casa de Saúde Rainha Santa Isabel, with age between 25 and 63, and with diagnosis of schizophrenia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR). Physical fitness was assessed by the six-minute walk distance test (6MWD). Biological variables were determined by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay). Psychological variables were assessed using SF-36, PSPP-SCV, RSES and SWLS tests. Walking exercise has a positive impact on physical fitness (6MWD -p = 0.001) and physical components of the psychological test...

Fire management is an important issue in the Brazilian Cerrado, since both anthropogenic high intensity fires and complete fire suppression can reduce the biodiversity in this biome. In this paper, we highlight the trends in scientific literature about fire effects in the Cerrado, aiming to detect possible gaps and to indicate directions of future scientific research. We searched for articles in the periodic database Web of Knowledge from 1991 to 2016, and observed an increase in the number of publications throughout the years. Most articles were associated with Brazilian institutions (58%), followed by those with collaboration between Brazilian and international institutions (33%), and those published by authors exclusively from international institutions (9%). Most articles addressed the effects of fire on biodiversity (77%), followed by articles about abiotic environment (19%), and then biotic interactions or interactions between organisms and environment (4%). The most studied taxonomic group was plants (75%), followed by mammals (8%) and insects (6%), with the remaining taxa comprising about 11% of publications. The Federal District was the federative unit with the greatest number of studies (31%). The majority of studies was conducted in areas with fewer fire events, whereas areas with major incidence of fires are poorly studied. Our data shows that studies on the effect of fires on the Brazilian Cerrado are geographically and taxonomically biased. This lack of knowledge limits the extrapolations about the effects of fire on this biome. Therefore, we emphasize the need for investment in research in areas with high fire frequency and also for an increase in knowledge about these effects on the biota, especially on the fauna. This action is fundamental to support the development of public policies for effective and directed fire management in the Cerrado.

This study determined the size structure, spatial distribution, and phenology of individuals from a population of Anacardium humile A. St.-Hil. in a cerrado stricto sensu area. Four sample plots (100 × 100 m each) were randomly selected in the Quilombola Kalunga land. Within the plots, we counted the number of individuals and measured the height, basal diameter, number of tree branches and recorded their location and the presence of rocky outcrops. For the phenological analysis, sixteen individuals were monitored between May 2016 and April 2017. A total of 417 individuals were inventoried, which resulted in an average density of 104.25 ind ha-1 (± 60.35). The abundance of individuals was higher in the rocky outcrops and with an aggregate spatial distribution. The population is self-regenerating. Phenological changes were concentrated in the dry season and were influenced by lower precipitation rates, maximum temperature, and relative humidity.

Microginins are a large family of cyanobacterial lipopeptide protease inhibitors. A hybrid polyketide synthase/non-ribosomal peptide synthetase biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) found in several microginin-producing strainsmicwas proposed to encode the production of microginins, based on bioinformatic analysis. Here, we explored a cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa LEGE 91341, which contains a mic BGC, to discover 12 new microginin variants. The new compounds contain uncommon amino acids, namely, homophenylalanine (Hphe), homotyrosine (Htyr), or methylproline, as well as a 3-aminodecanoic acid (Ada) residue, which in some variants was chlorinated at its terminal methyl group. We have used direct pathway cloning (DiPaC) to heterologously express the mic BGC from M. aeruginosa LEGE 91341 in Escherichia coli, which led to the production of several microginins. This proved that the mic BGC is, in fact, responsible for the biosynthesis of microginins and paves the way to accessing new variants from (meta)­genome data or through pathway engineering.

Knowledge about the effects of fire on sexual reproduction of Cerrado woody species is fundamental for elaborating public policies and management plans for its conservation. The present study evaluated the effect of a controlled burning on flowering and fruiting of Anacardium humile in an Cerrado stricto sensu environment, in Cavalcante, GO. An area with no fire records for five years was submitted to controlled burning in May 2016, used as the experimental area and its adjacent areas protected from fire as control area. In each area, 16 reproductive individuals were selected and their production of floral buds, flowers and fruits, followed up for 17 months. In 2016 the production of reproductive structures was higher in the control area, since the majority of individuals of the burned area invested in the recovery of vegetative structures (branches) damaged by fire. Only three individuals flowered in the burned area in 2016 and presented greater effort in the production of buds and flowers per panicle than the individuals in the control area, however, the fruit set was equal between the areas. One year after fire, the production of reproductive structures became equal between areas. The control area presented higher fruit production in 2017 in comparison to 2016, indicating a variable pattern in annual fruit production. The impact of fire on the reproductive structures of A. humile is greater in the same year of fire and its reproductive potential can be normalized in the subsequent year.

Procedeu-se a um estudo sobre a abundância e estrutura populacional de Bertholletia excelsa em florestas primária e secundária da Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã. Foram inventariados 121 indivíduos, caracterizados como da regeneração natural (diâmetro à altura do peito – DAP < 10 cm), jovens (10 cm ≤ DAP < 50 cm) e adultos (DAP ≥ 50 cm). Entre os principais resultados, verificou-se que: (1) a densidade de indivíduos jovens e adultos foi de 25 ± 14,3 ind. ha-1; (2) a distribuição espacial encontrada foi do tipo regular; (3) a população encontra-se em equilíbrio dinâmico, conforme padrão J-reverso; (4) 54,5% do total de castanheiras inventariadas são indivíduos da regeneração natural e jovens, os quais foram muito abundantes em áreas de capoeiras (florestas secundárias), indicando que a espécie beneficia-se de áreas com perturbações antrópicas; (5) acredita-se que o uso do fogo para a limpeza do sub-bosque, visando facilitar a coleta de frutos, assim como a implantação de roças de corte e queima próximas aos castanhais, favoreçam a capacidade de autorregeneração da população e contribuam para a frequente bifurcação observada nos fustes das castanheiras, na Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã.

A leishmaniose é uma antropozoonose causada pela Leishmania spp e transmitida pelo vetor (20/94) afirmaram ser por meio da picada de um mosquito, sendo que apenas 1,1% (01/94) afirmaram ser pela picada do mosquito palha; e 8,5% (8/94) disseram que a leishmaniose pode ser transmitida por outras formas como fezes de gato, enchentes e água contaminada, caramujo, urina e fezes de animais. Sobre a forma de prevenção, 88,3% (83/94) não souberam responder, 4,25% (4/94) disseram que pode ser por meio da limpeza do ambiente e saneamento, 4,25% (4/94) citaram os cuidados com animais e que a vacinação poderia contribuir para a diminuição do risco da transmissão pelo vetor, 2,1% (2/94) dos docentes lembraram-se da importância da higiene básica e da educação em saúde. Um docente (1,1%) comentou ser importante evitar o contato com enxurradas e com água contaminada. Concluiuse que a maioria dos entrevistados não possui conhecimento sobre leishmaniose, e em alguns casos existe a confusão com outras doenças, sendo assim, é extremamente importante que a população receba mais informações sobre o controle e prevenção dessa enfermidade por parte dos profissionais da área da saúde.

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