No abstract

Goblet cells (GCs) and endocrine cells (ECs) play an important role in intestine physiology, and few studies currently exist for Amazonian fishes. This study aimed to quantify the distribution of GCs and ECs producing cholecystokinin‐8 and neuropeptide Y, assessed by mucin histochemistry and peptides immunohistochemistry, in the intestine of two Amazonian species with different feeding habits Tambaqui (Colossosoma macropomum) and hybrid catfish (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum × Leiarius marmoratus), an omnivore and carnivore, respectively. A systematic literature review correlating feeding habit and GC and EC distribution was also included to contribute to the comparative study. The results of this study provided novel information about the gut cells of Tambaqui and hybrid catfish. Both, GCs and ECs can be found sweeping the entire intestine of Tambaqui and hybrid catfish although the cells can be more concentrated in certain segments. The GCs and ECs in Tambaqui were more uniformly distributed in the midgut segments (T1, T2, and T3). Unlike, in hybrid catfish GCs were more concentrated in the hindgut (C4) and ECs mainly in the two midgut segments (C1 and C2) of hybrid catfish. Based on the comparison between Tambaqui, hybrid catfish, and other fishes in the literature review, we suggest that cell distribution can be partially explained by feeding habits, carnivorous vs. omnivorous.

RESUMO.-Com este estudo objetivou-se descrever os aspectos anatômicos e histológicos do coração do jacaré-do--pantanal (Caiman yacare), proveniente de zoocriadouro. Para tanto, estudou-se 13 exemplares da espécie, os quais foram perfundidos, conservados em solução de formaldeído a 10% e submetidos às técnicas anatômicas específi-cas. O coração foi separado e amostras foram colhidas e submetidas à avaliação histológica. Macroscopicamente o coração é tetracavitário, e além de dois átrios e dois ventrículos, apresenta uma estrutura denominada cone arterial, do qual emergem os vasos da base do coração. Foram identificadas duas aortas, direita e esquerda, sendo que a esquerda emerge do ventrículo direito e se comunica com o tronco sistêmico direito por meio do forame de Panizza. Histologicamente o coração possui epicárdio, miocárdio e endocárdio típicos. Concluímos que a histologia do coração, no jacaré-do-pantanal, é semelhante à de outras espécies de répteis. Contudo, anatomicamente apresenta particularidades importantes, as quais representam, possivelmente, adaptações que permitiram a perpetuação da espécie. The aim of this study was to describe anatomical and histological aspects of the heart of Caiman yacare from a crocodile breeding center. For this purpose, we have chosen and further studied 13 specimens which were perfused and preserved in a 10% formaldehyde solution and they were subjected to the specific anatomical techniques. The heart was separated and samples were collected and submitted to the specific histological procedures. Macroscopically, the heart is four-chambered and besides two atria and two ventricles, has a structure called arterial cone from which the large vessels of the heart emerge. Two aortas, left and right, were identified. The left aorta emerges from the right ventricle and communicates with the systemic trunk through the Foramen of Panizza. From a histological point of view, the heart is typically composed of epicardium, myocardium and endocardium. According to these observations, it is assumed that the histology of the heart of "Jacaré-do-Pantanal" is similar to other species of reptiles. However, there are some anatomic particularities, which possibly represent the adaptations allowing the perpetuation of the species.

Obesity is transgenerational epigenetic metabolic disturbance. Although the diet-induced obese (DIO) zebrafish model is well established, reproductive parameters and changes in offspring have not yet been evaluated. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate possible changes in reproductive parameters, embryos and offspring (F1) generated by the reproduction of diet-induced obese males and females. The adult zebrafish were divided into two groups receiving a balanced diet (Control group) or overfed (DIO group) were investigated. The dietary protocol was maintained for eight weeks. During this period, males and females in the same group were stimulated through a weekly reproduction protocol. To verify parental obesity, body weight, blood glucose, triglyceride, the hepatosomatic and gonadosomatic index and adipose tissue morphometry evaluations were carried out. Reproductive parameters were evaluated through ovarian and oocyte maturation stage, total spawning, fertility and fertilization index. To verify possible changes caused by parenteral obesity, all offspring were kept in separate groups in correspondence with their parents and were fed a control diet. Plasma glucose, triglycerides, mortality rate, hatching, and deformities were determined. After eight weeks under the diet protocol, the DIO group exhibited characteristic obesity alterations, displaying significant increases in body mass and hepatosomatic and gonadosomatic indices, hyperglycemia and visceral and subcutaneous adipocyte hypertrophy. In addition, high mortality rates, morphologic deformities and high plasmatic glucose and triglyceride levels, with 100% mortality at 60 dpf, were observed for the offspring. Therefore, obesity induction in adults led to negative effects on their offspring, with high occurrence of deformities and mortality.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the sex reversal technique using 17 --methyltestosterone (MT) hormone, submitted to temperature modification of fry Nilo tilapia storage, aiming to get the data of sex reversal combined with growth performance and fry survival. The experiment was performed at UFLA Fish Culture Station, using tilapia fry (0,008 ± 0.002 g e 0,9 ± 0.1 cm) obeying a totally randomized experimental delineation in a factorial scheme 4x4, in 4 temperatures (26º, 28º, 30º, 32ºC) and 4 hormonal doses (0, 20, 40, 60mg of MT/kg of ration) during 28 days, with 5 repetitions. As temperature raised, weight gain rate, size and survival increased (p<0.01); however, this temperature raise was not effective in modifying males ratio (p>0.01), which occurred only due to the used hormone treatment. The dose of 40 mg of MT/kg of ration provided similar results to those of 60mg of MT/kg of ration. Hence, the temperature band from 26º to 32ºC does not affect sex reversal rate, but temperatures around 30ºC improves the performance of tilapias related to the growth and survival, and the dose of 40 mg of MT/kg of ration is enough to achieve monosex populations.Index terms: Tilapia, 17 -methyltestosterone, temperature. RESUMOObjetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a técnica de inversão sexual utilizando hormônio 17 -metiltestosterona (MT), submetidas à modificação da temperatura de estocagem das pós-larvas de tilápia, visando obter os melhores dados de inversão sexual aliado à performance de crescimento e sobrevivência das pós-larvas. O experimento foi conduzido na Estação de Piscicultura da UFLA, utilizando pós-larvas (0,008 ± 0,002 g e 0,9 ± 0,1 cm) de tilápia em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 4x4, com 4 temperaturas (26º, 28º, 30º e 32ºC) e 4 doses hormonais (0, 20, 40 e 60mg de MT/kg de ração) durante 28 dias, com 5 repetições. À medida que se elevou a temperatura, a taxa de ganho de peso, o tamanho e a sobrevivência foram maiores (p<0,01); entretanto, esse aumento na temperatura não foi suficiente para alterar a proporção de machos (p>0,01), que ocorreu apenas em função do hormônio utilizado. A dose de 40 mg de MT/kg de ração proporcionou resultados semelhantes aos da dose de 60 mg de MT/ kg de ração. Portanto, a faixa de temperatura entre 26º e 32ºC não influencia na taxa de inversão sexual, mas temperaturas em torno de 30ºC melhoram o desempenho das tilápias quanto ao crescimento e à sobrevivência, e a dose de 40 mg de MT/kg de ração é suficiente para a obtenção de populações monossexo.Termos para indexação: Tilápia, 17 -metiltestosterona, temperatura.

RESUMONos reprodutores de frangos de corte, a restrição alimentar precoce é usada para limitar o ganho de peso corporal e otimizar o desempenho reprodutivo. Conduziu-se este trabalho com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da utilização da restrição alimentar no período de 14 a 121 dias de idade das aves sobre o índice gonadal e histologia testicular em galos reprodutores de corte. Foram avaliados os seguintes tratamentos: controle; 6 dias de alimentação e 1 não (6:1); e 5 dias de alimentação e 2 não (5:2). Foram utilizados 36 animais da linhagem Avian Farm, avaliando-se o peso corporal, o peso gonadal, o índice gonadal, procedendo-se à avaliação histológica testicular de 6 animais por tratamento aos 54 e 121 dias de idade. Foi usado um DIC em estrutura fatorial 2x3 (idade x restrição). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (P>0,05) para as variáveis analisadas entre os tratamentos à idade de 54 dias. O peso testicular e o índice gonadal foram menores (P<0,05) nos animais que receberam o tratamento 5:2, aos 121 dias de idade. Nessa idade, as aves do tratamento 6:1 apresentaram aumento (P<0,01) do diâmetro do túbulo seminífero e maior número de espermátides (P<0,01). A restrição alimentar do tipo 6:1 em reprodutores de frangos de corte da linhagem Avian Farm favorece o crescimento gonadal, com maior rendimento da espermatogênese. Termos para indexação:Restrição alimentar, galos reprodutores, desenvolvimento gonadal. ABSTRACTIn breeder broilers the feed restriction is used to limit the gain of corporal weight and to optimize the reproductive performance. It is necessary to moderate the rate of precocious growth through programs of feed restriction. This work had as objective to evaluate the effect of the use of the feed restriction on the testicular index and histology in breeder broilers males. They were evaluated the following treatments: control; 6 days of feeding and 1 day without feeding (6:1); and 5 days of feeding and 2 day without feeding (5:2). 36 animals of the lineage Avian Farm were used being evaluated the corporal weight, the testicular weight, the testicular index and histology testicular evaluation of 6 animals for treatment to the 54 and 121 days of age. A factorial structure 2x3 (age x feed restriction) was used for test the effects of treatments. Significant differences were not observed (P>0.05), for the analyzed variables, among the treatments to the age of 54 days. The testicular weight and the testicular index were smaller (P<0,05), in the animals that received the treatment 5:2, to the 121 days old. In this age, the broilers of the treatment 6:1 shown increase (P <0,01) in diameter of the seminal tube and larger spermatids number (P <0,01). The feed restriction 6:1 in broiler breeder males of the lineage Avian Farm shown bether testicular growth with larger production of the spermatogenesis. INTRODUÇÃOCom o advento das dietas contendo alta densidade de nutrientes e, mais recentemente, com a restrição alimentar, um plantel de reprodutores pode ser mantido economicamente por um longo per...