Nitrogen, while favoring oat grain yields, can bring enormous losses by lodging. The aims of the study were to evaluate the productive performance of oat cultivars the susceptible and resistant to lodging under conditions of reduced, high and very high availability of nitrogen; estimate the technical and agronomic efficiency of cultivars, according to the ideal nitrogen dose, for grain yield and lodging predictability; to verify if oat cultivars with higher nutrient use efficiency for grain yield are more lodging prone, to have applicability in breeding programs. The study was conducted in 2013 and 2014 in Capão do Leão and Augusto Pestana, RS, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications, in a 3 x 8 factorial, being the factors evaluated the nitrogen doses and oat cultivars (resistant and susceptible to lodging). The cultivars belonging to lodging susceptible group showed higher grain yields when compared to the resistant group. FAEM Carlasul and URS Corona cultivars, from the lodging susceptible group, showed high technical and agronomic efficiency of grain yield in response to nitrogen, with high lodging at the ideal nutrient dose for grain yield. Crosses between the FAEM Carlasul and Brisasul cultivars can generate high potential genotypes regarding nitrogen use efficiency and stem resistance.
Great progress has already been achieved in breeding white oats (Avena sativa L.). However, breeders of this species need to make available to the market higher yielding and higher grain quality cultivars. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the strategies of selection of superior genotypes. The present work aimed to estimate the correlation between traits related to agronomic performance and traits related to chemical composition of white oat grains, seeking to add understanding for the selection of higher yielding genotypes with high nutritional quality. Thirty families from the cross between the cultivars Albasul and UPF 15 were used, and 31 families from the cross between the cultivars IAC 7 and UFRGS 19. Six traits related to agronomic performance and five traits corresponding to the chemical composition of the grains were evaluated. To assess the relationship between the different traits evaluated, simple correlation and canonical correlation analyzes were performed. The results demonstrate the existence of simple correlations between grain chemical constituents and traits related to agronomic performance. The pair-by-pair relationship between traits of these two groups was also observed, but the environmental action strongly interfered with these correlations. The canonical correlation analysis allowed the verification of dependence between the evaluated trait groups where genotypes with higher number of grains per panicle, high mass of one thousand grains, with lower stature and lower number of spikelets, will have lower lipid and total fiber content, but with higher protein contents. Highlighted Conclusions 1. There is a relationship of dependence between the agronomic performance trait group and the oat grain chemical constituent group. 2. Indirect selection of grains with higher nutritional quality and high agronomic performance will be feasible providing there is a strict control of environmental conditions. 3. Selections that seek superiority in all traits studied will not be possible, given the presence of negative correlations.
The chemical analysis of market-available white oat cultivars allows for their optimized use for processing, consumption, and in blocks of crosses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of white oat cultivars with regard to grain chemical content, to estimate the correlation between these traits, and to select potential REMAP markers for marker-assisted selection. Fifteen cultivars, grown in three environments, were evaluated for the contents of proteins; lipids; total, insoluble, and soluble dietary fiber; β-glucan; and carbohydrates. Eight cultivars were analysed with REMAP markers. The cultivars Brisasul and UPFA Gaudéria presented higher contents of β-glucan, while cultivars URS 21 and URS 22 had higher protein contents. For animal feed, the cultivars Barbarasul and FAPA Louise stood out with high lipid contents. Positive correlations between the contents of lipid and total dietary fiber, protein and insoluble dietary fiber, and total dietary fiber and insoluble dietary fiber were constant in different environments. Also, carbohydrate content was negatively correlated with protein, total dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber, and lipid content. A total of thirteen REMAP combinations were selected for variability studies regarding lipid and β-glucan contents.
Wheat is the main source of carbohydrate for humanity, being the second most-produced cereal in the world. Brazil is not self-sufficient in this crop, and the Country needs to import wheat to supply the national demand. The objective of this study was to analyze the performance of agronomic traits in wheat segregating populations in the F2 generation, and to estimate the genetic distance between the parents and the segregating populations , number of grains per ear (NGE), grain mass per ear (GME), grain yield per plant (GYP) and ear harvest index (EHI) were measured. The population 5 showed the greatest stature and population 4 showed less variability for the trait. All populations showed averages of NFT and GYP higher than the parents, indicating the presence of transgressive segregants, or presence of dominance in these traits. The grain mass per ear is the trait that contributes most to the distance between the genotypes. There was the formation of four groups by Tocher's grouping method and the population 3 is the most different to the parents, when considering all traits. Highlighted ConclusionThere is genetic variability for traits within wheat segregating populations.
Assessing genetic variability is essential to crop breeding and represents the basis for a successful crop selection, including rice (Oryza sativa L.). Root system shows a large range of roles that could be improved genetically. However, it has been virtually neglected by most breeders. The objective was to characterize a selected sample of the Brazilian rice germplasm, regarding on root growth and development, and to combine this data to shoot traits, aiming to depict the genetic variability within this germplasm. Sixteen Brazilian accessions of rice were analyzed with basis on root and shoot traits in two distinct experiments, mainly cultivars launched in the past four decades and presenting unique characteristics. The first experiment was carried out at hydroponic conditions to evaluate the performance of rice accessions during the seedling stage. The second was carried out in long PVC tubes to assay the rice accessions at the reproductive period. Traits were treated individually as well as analyzed jointly by different multivariate methods of genetic variability assessment. Most of the rice accessions showed similar results for a part of the studied traits, however differences were observed for some traits. The clustering methods agreed to group a large number of rice accessions into a single group, distinguishing only the best performing genotypes. Highlighted Conclusions 1) The genetic variability within a group of Brazilian rice accessions is narrow when based on both root and shoot traits. 2) The accessions BRS Pampeira, at seedling period, and BRS Pampa, at reproductive stage, show prominent root performance, being promising parents for breeding programs focused on root system improvements.
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