This research presents new data regarding BoNT-A as a potential treatment to improve depression symptoms in patients with Major Depressive Disorder. Self-esteem scores alone cannot explain the improvement in depression symptoms.
The new cannula is a safe and useful tool to inject HA fillers in the nasolabial folds, producing less pain, edema, hematoma, and redness than regular needles.
Objective: To evaluate brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) blood levels as disease biomarkers of delirium in oncology inpatients. Methods: Seventeen oncology inpatients with delirium, 28 oncology inpatients without delirium, and 25 non-oncology controls (caregivers) were consecutively recruited from a Brazilian cancer center. This sample was matched by age, sex, and education level. The Confusion Assessment Method, the Mini-Mental State Examination, and the Digit Span Test were administered to ascertain delirium diagnosis. BDNF and TNF-a levels were measured by the Sandwich-ELISA method and flow cytometry, respectively. Blood samples were collected immediately after clinical evaluation. Results: Oncology inpatients (with and without delirium) showed significantly lower BDNF levels compared with non-oncology controls (F = 13.830; p = 0.001). TNF-a levels did not differ between the three groups. Conclusion: A cross-sectional relationship of BDNF and TNF-a blood levels with delirium in oncology inpatients was not demonstrated. The association between cancer and reduced serum BDNF levels may be mediated by confounding factors.
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