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Objective: To show current results of a modified Norwood procedure, where only autologous tissues are used in the reconstruction of the new aortic arch. Method: Between January and December 2002, five neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome underwent the modified Norwood operation. Their ages ranged from two to nine days and their weight from 2.5 to 3.7 kg. The mean diameter of the ascending aorta was 6.2 mm. The surgical technique described by FRASER and MEE was employed using exclusively autologous tissue to achieve aortic arch reconstruction. Results: The systemic-pulmonary shunt was performed using 3-mm PTFE grafts in three patients and 3.5-mm grafts in the other two. Deep hypothermic and circulatory arrest were used in all patients with cardiopulmonary bypass times ranging from 128 to 212 minutes (mean: 154) and circulatory arrest from 41-60 min (mean: 52). There were no intraoperative deaths and all patients underwent delayed sternal closure. There was one postoperative death (9th day) caused by sepsis. There was also one death two months after discharge caused by milk aspiration and pneumonia. One child underwent a 2-directional Glenn and the other two are still waiting for the second stage. Conclusion: After this initial experience with this modified Norwood operation we think this is an excellent alternative to correct hypoplastic left heart syndrome in neonates. Descriptors: Hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Heart defects, congenital, surgery. Resumo Objetivo: Apresentar os resultados do tratamento da síndrome de hipoplasia do coração esquerdo (SHCE) com técnica de Norwood modificada, na qual somente são usados tecidos autólogos para a reconstrução do arco aórtico. Método: De janeiro a dezembro de 2002, cinco recémnascidos com idade variando de dois a nove dias (média 5,0 dias) foram submetidos a operação de Norwood modificada. 43 FANTINI, FA ET AL-Modified Norwood procedure for hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Ten cases of odontogenic myxoma (OM) and six cases of ameloblastic fibroma (AF) were subjected to comparative analysis by the AgNOR technique, in order to determine a possible difference in cell proliferation index between these lesions. The mean AgNOR number of the mesenchymal component of AF was compared with its epithelial component and the difference was not found to be statistically significant. The mean AgNOR index of the AF group was significantly higher than that of the OM group. Moreover, the mesenchymal component of AF demonstrated increased AgNOR numbers compared with that of OM (P<0.05). These results suggest that the epithelial and mesenchymal components of AF may have similar cell proliferative activity. However, the cell proliferative index of this lesion seems to be higher than that of OM.

Objectives: Recent experimental flow studies based on angiography and magnetic resonance have shown that total cavopulmonary anastomosis (TCPA) is a valid concept for surgical treatment of many congenital heart defects, but there is not agreement of the best surgical arrangement. The aim of this study is to assess the immediate results with three different techniques of TCPA.Methods: Clinical study of all TCPA performed from January 2005 to July 2008; there were 40 patients, all with previous Glenn anastomosis, with mean age of 6.4 ± 3.2 years. Three different techniques were employed: Group 1 (G1) lateral tunnel, Group 2 (G2) extracardiac conduits, Group 3 (G3) intracardiac conduit directed to the left pulmonary branch. All patients had a fenestration performed and pre-and postoperative variables were assessed.Results: G1 had 11 patients, G2 10 patients and G3 19 patients. Preoperative variables were similar in the 3 groups (P>0.05). Surgical mortality was higher in Groups 1 and 2 (9.1% and 10%) compared to Group 3 (0%) but there was no statistical significance (P=0.3841). Pleural effusion was absent in Group 3 (0%), which was statistically significant in relation to the other groups (P=0.0128). The length of hospital stay was also significantly lower in G3 (8 days) in relation to G1 (18 days) and G2 (13 days) (P=0.0164). Conclusion:Intracardiac TCPA was associated with lower postoperative morbidity and is currently our preferred technique on total cavopulmonary anastomosis. Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc 2009; 24(4): 463-469 technique in which a olytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) conduit is placed between the inferior vena cava and pulmonary artery, through the right atrium via the foramen ovale into the left atrium roof, where it is exteriorized and sutured to the trunk or left pulmonary artery branch. This technique allowed to reach the left pulmonary artery branch with a prosthesis smaller, with fewer curves and angles, thus minimizing the presence of inflexible material in the system. The aim of this study was to review the immediate results of patients undergoing the Fontan operation at a single institution with three models of total cavopulmonary anastomosis. FANTINI, FA ET AL -Fontan operation: a technique in evolution METHODS Study designWe performed clinical trial with 40 patients with univentricular physiology undergoing the Fontan operation in Biocor Institute,

OBJECTIVES Pulmonary artery/aorta (PA/Ao) size discrepancy plays an important role in the development of neoaortic root growth and valve regurgitation. Since 2004, we started using PA reduction to manage severe great vessels root mismatch at the time of arterial switch operation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of this technique in the mid- and long-term follow-up. METHODS Patients considered to have severe PA/Ao mismatch (&gt;2:1 ratio) underwent resection of a 3- to 4-mm flap of the posterior PA wall. Patients submitted to this technique were followed up with clinical and image examinations. Echocardiographic findings were reviewed, and Z-scores were recorded to evaluate the incidence and progression of neoaortic root dilatation and valve regurgitation. RESULTS The median (Q1–Q3) follow-up time was 8 years (3–11). Before arterial switch operation, the median (Q1–Q3) Z-score of the PA annulus was 2.90 (2.75–3.75). At the latest follow-up, the median Z-score of the neoaortic annulus was 1.34 (0.95–1.66). The mean difference between the Z-scores of PA annulus and neoaortic annulus was 1.56 (P &lt; 0.0001). The mean value of the sinus of Valsalva was +0.29 ± 1, that of sinotubular junction was +0.71 ± 0.6 and that of ascending Ao was +1.09 ± 0.7. There was no severe dilatation of the neoaortic annulus, neoaortic root or ascending Ao during follow-up. Neoaortic valve regurgitation was none or mild in 93% of patients. CONCLUSIONS PA reduction proved to be a feasible and low-risk procedure to approach PA/Ao mismatch in arterial switch operation. Mid- and long-term follow-up showed a tendency towards stabilization of the neoaortic root dilatation and satisfactory valve performance after the procedure. Further investigation is required with a larger population and longer-term follow-up.

RESUMO : Com o objetivo de avaliar a importância clínica da presença de fluxo pulsátil na artéria pulmonar de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de Glenn bidirecional, 36 casos consecutivos operados no período de outubro de 1990 a julho de 1994 foram revistos. As crianças, com idade variando de 11 meses a 14 anos (média, 4,4 ± 3,4 anos), eram portadoras das seguintes lesões: atresia tricúspide (18), ventrículo único (16), atresia mitral (1) e atresia pulmonar sem comunicação interventricular (1). Dezenove (52,8%) pacientes haviam sido submetidos a 22 procedimentos cirúrgicos prévios, sendo que 2 fizeram duas e outro, três anastomoses sistêmico-pulmonar. Circulação extracorpórea foi utilizada em todos os casos, sendo com hipotermia leve em 11 e com hipotermia profunda e parada cardiocirculatória total nos demais. A técnica cirúrgica básica foi a anastomose término-lateral da veia cava superior à artéria pulmonar ipsilateral. Nos casos com fluxo anterógrado, o tronco pulmonar foi ligado somente quando a pressão média ao nível da anastomose era superior a 15 mmHg, sendo que em 2 casos recentes com pressão acima de 20 mmHg, optouse por cerclar o tronco pulmonar, ajustando-se, assim, os níveis pressóricos. Ocorreram 3 óbitos imediatos; a sobrevida hospitalar foi de 91 ,7%. Uma criança, que evoluiu no pós-operatório com baixa saturação arterial sistêmica, foi submetida após 7 dias à anastomose sistêmico-pulmonar com prótese vascular de 3 mm . Vinte e oito pacientes foram acompanhados por um período de tempo que variou de 3,1 meses a 4,1 anos (média 1,8 ± 1 ,2 anos) e foram divididos em 2 grupos: A -18 crianças com fluxo pulmonar dependente exclusivamente do Glenn; B -10 crianças com outra fonte de circulação pulmonar promovendo fluxo "pulsátil" ao nível da anastomose. NoGrupo A a saturação arterial sistêmica tem variado de 68% a 85% (média, 77,6 ± 5,5%) e no Grupo B de 80% a 90% com média de 86 ,0 ± 3,8% (p

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